Research Article

Implementation Interventions Used in Nursing Homes and Hospitals: A Descriptive, Comparative Study between Austria, Germany, and The Netherlands

Table 1

Percentage of implementation interventions used per setting per care problem in Austria, Germany and the Netherlands.

Total%Austria%Germany%The Netherlands%F-values*P

(1) Professional interventions (22 items)
 Internal written materials8590906722.584<.001
 Internal consultations6671714713.433<.001
 Internal audits6562804322.050<.001
 Internal lectures6362734513.896<.001
 Regular team meetings about a clinical topic585155747.026.001
 External lectures5663643119.055<.001
 Local opinion leaders5570582133.755<.001
 Written/manual reminders525442688.206<.001
 Patient- and relative-mediated interventions505651366.109.002
 Internal electronic materials495647393.388.035
 External conferences4969471936.794<.001
 Internal workshops46444648.184.832
 External consultations435141335.137.006
 External audits423452395.562.004
 Computerised reminders425142286.082.003
 External workshops394539313.423.034
 Supervision363533441.605.202
 Internal training sessions353037392.045.131
 External training sessions283423253.022.050
 Other internal interventions161317211.262.284
 External electronic training 12131471.121.327
 Other external interventions738124.264.015
Mean total number of professional interventions9.7 10.6 10.3 8.2 10.430 <.001
(2) Organisational interventions (19 items)
 Changes in patient record systems787882693.781.024
 Individual patient participation in treatment decisions747775652.889.057
 Efforts to improve nurses’ work satisfaction7082783441.201<.001
 Regular use of assessment instruments6754845830.744<.001
 Changes in structure and facilities of institution667068563.806.023
 Management of patient complaints656670562.314.101
 Additional staff qualifications58585662.458.633
 Changes in size and type of services of the institution566059425.161.006
 Multidisciplinary teams to support nursing525347571.354.260
 Changes in professional responsibilities495550393.626.028
 Case management414034576.754.001
 Changing the right to access documentation384838199.656<.001
 Changes in number of staff 263624137.924<.001
 Changes in composition of staff161913141.176.310
 Participation of patient groups14181292.304.101
 Use of telemedicine11158111.449.236
 Other patient interventions1091012.144.866
 Other structural changes 967175.713.004
 Other personal changes9610121.251.288
Mean total number of organisational interventions8.1 8.5 8.3 7.0 5.595 .004
(3) Financial intervention (1 item)
 Availability of financial incentives for nurses1078218.070<.001
(4) Regulatory interventions (4 items)
 Inspecting authorities4637426912.872<.001
 Insurance companies342545317.473.001
 Law332840273.093.047
 Other regulatory interventions12713193.708.026
Mean total number of regulatory interventions1.3 1.0 1.4 1.5 6.975 .001

Mean total number of interventions used 19.620.320.217.35.024.007

df = 2, 330.