|
Components | Causes |
|
Vascular | Inherited Disorder |
(i) Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia |
(ii) Ehlers-Danlos syndrome |
Autoimmune disorder |
Allergic purpura |
Reduce the integrity of the blood vessel wall |
(i) Advanced age |
(ii) Prolonged steroid use |
(iii) Vitamin C deficiency |
|
Platelets | Chronic diseases |
(i) Kidney failure |
(ii) Liver disease: hepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver failure |
(iii) Splenic sequestration |
(iv) Hematologic malignancy: leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma |
(v) Bone marrow diseases |
(vi) Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome |
(vii) Rare autosomal recessive disorders (Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia and Bernard-Soulier syndrome) |
Autoimmune diseases |
(i) Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura |
(ii) Systemic lupus erythematosus |
Medications |
(i) Antiplatelet: aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) |
(ii) Antibiotic including penicillin, quinine, and sulfa |
Dietary supplements |
Vitamin E, fish oil, Echinacea, Aloe, Ginkgo, Ginseng, and garlic extract |
|
Coagulation factors | Inherited disorder |
(i) von Willebrand’s disease |
(ii) Hemophilia |
(iii) Other inherited clotting factor deficiencies (factors II, V, VII, X, and XII) |
Medications |
(i) Warfarin (coumadin), heparin |
(ii) Chemotherapies |
(iii) Vitamin K deficiency |
Other disorders |
(i) Autoimmune disorders |
(ii) Disseminated intravascular coagulation (also results in thrombocytopenia) |
(iii) Liver disease |
|