Research Article
Cooccurrence of Yawning and Stereotypic Behaviour in Horses (Equus caballus)
Table 1
Type (oral/motor), name, and description of stereotypic behaviours recorded, adapted from [
18,
25].
| Type | Name | Description |
| Oral | Cribbing | The horse grasps a fixed object with its incisors, pulls back, and draws air into its oesophagus while emitting a characteristic pharyngeal grunt. | Lip play | The horse moves its upper lip up and down without making contact with an object, or the horse smacks its lips together. | Tongue play | The horse sticks out its tongue and twists it in the air. | Lip or teeth rubbing | The horse rubs its upper lip or its upper teeth repetitively against the box wall. |
| Motor | Head shaking and nodding | The horse bobs repetitively its head up and down or tosses its head in recurrent and sudden bouts. | Weaving | The horse sways laterally, moving its head, neck, forequarters, and sometimes hindquarters. |
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