International Scholarly Research Notices

Research Article

Cooccurrence of Yawning and Stereotypic Behaviour in Horses (Equus caballus)

Table 4

Relationships between yawning and stereotypic behaviour according to type of stereotypic behaviour for ENE horses ( 𝑁 = 8 7 ). β€œyawners” horses observed yawning at least once β€œnonyawners” horses never observed yawning. Significant relationships are in bold. Mann Whitney, Spearman correlations, and Wilcoxon tests, * 𝑃 < . 0 5   ** 𝑃 < . 0 1   *** 𝑃 < . 0 0 1 .
Frequency of stereotypic behaviours (mean Β± standard error)Yawning and stereotypic behaviour frequencies (Spearman correlation) Frequency of stereotypic behaviours (mean Β± standard error)
Yawners ( 𝑛 = 2 7 / 8 7 )Nonyawners ( 𝑛 = 6 0 / 8 7 )Mann Whitney testAfternoon (no hay)Morning (hay)Wilcoxon test
Cribbing ( 𝑛 = 1 6 / 8 7 ) 0.020 Β± 0.0480.002 Β± 0.007 π‘ˆ = 6 4 7 . 0 0 𝐫 𝐬 = 𝟎 . 𝟐 πŸ— ** 0.01 Β± 0.030.01 Β± 0.03 𝑍 = 1 . 1 6
Tongue play ( 𝑛 = 8 4 / 8 7 )0,158 Β± 0.1080.065 Β± 0.053 𝐔 = πŸ‘ πŸ– πŸ– . πŸ“ 𝟎 *** 𝐫 𝐬 = 𝟎 . πŸ’ πŸ’ *** 0.12 Β± 0.530.03 Β± 0.30 𝐙 = πŸ“ . πŸ’ 𝟏 ***
wall ( 𝑛 = 6 8 / 8 7 )0.043 Β± 0.0520.035 Β± 0.048 π‘ˆ = 7 4 9 . 0 0 π‘Ÿ 𝑠 = 0 . 0 2 0.05 Β± 0.080.02 Β± 0.04 𝐙 = πŸ‘ . πŸ“ πŸ— ***
Repetitivefeeder ( 𝑛 = 4 4 / 8 7 )licking/biting0.004 Β± 0.0130.002 Β± 0.008 π‘ˆ = 7 7 2 . 0 0 π‘Ÿ 𝑠 = 0 . 0 2 0.004 Β± 0.0170.002 Β± 0.01 𝑍 = 1 . 0 5
object ( 𝑛 = 4 2 / 8 7 )0.061 Β± 0.0890.040 Β± 0.061 π‘ˆ = 6 3 9 . 0 0 π‘Ÿ 𝑠 = 0 . 1 7 0.03 Β± 0.070.008 Β± 0.02 𝐙 = πŸ‘ . 𝟏 πŸ“ **
Head shaking/nodding ( 𝑛 = 6 9 / 8 7 )0.152 Β± 0.2080.080 Β± 0.290 𝐔 = πŸ’ πŸ• πŸ“ . πŸ“ 𝟎 ** 𝐫 𝐬 = 𝟎 . πŸ‘ πŸ’ ** 0.10 Β± 0.280.08 Β± 0.22 𝑍 = 1 . 2 7
Weaving ( 𝑛 = 1 8 / 8 7 )0.030 Β± 0.0820.017 Β± 0.002 π‘ˆ = 7 8 4 . 5 0 π‘Ÿ 𝑠 = 0 . 0 8 0.02 Β± 0.090.01 Β± 0.10 𝐙 = 𝟐 . 𝟐 πŸ• *