Research Article

Secondary Sexual Characteristics in the Galerucinae (Sensu Stricto) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Table 2

Distribution of galerucine genera and species with modified head, thorax, and abdomen.

Modified organsGenera (number of species)

Head119 genera (756 species)
Vertex10 genera (32 species)
Aulacophora (12), Chthoneis (1), Coelomera (1), Lamprocopa (10), Malacorhinus (1), Monolepta (1), Monoleptocrania (1), Oroetes (2), Palpaenidea (2), Sarawakiola (1).
Frontal tubercles1 genus (1 species)
Hyphaenia (1).
Clypeus 24 genera (181 species)
Acroxena (5), Afrocrania (5), Aulacophora (1), Azlania (4), Cerotoma (5), Chthoneis (1), Eccoptopsis (12), Eusattodera (1), Exosoma (1), Fleutiaxia (6), Gynandrobrotica (3), Hoplosaenidea (24), Hyphaenia (6), Hystiopsis (1), Kanahiiphaga (7), Macrima (9), Metrobrotica (1), Palpoxena (43), Porechontes (3), Pseudaenidea (2), Rachicephala (1), Sermyloides (31), Taumacera (6), Theopea (3).
Labrum2 genera (10 species)
Acroxena (1), Palpoxena (9).
Maxillary palpi12 genera (51 species)
Cyclotrypema (1), Aulacophora (5), Cneoranidea (5), Coelomera (1), Diabrotica (5), Gynandrobrotica (3), Hystiopsis (1), Luperodes (1), Palpaenidea (2), Palpoxena (25), Spilocephalus (1), Theopea (1).
Eyes12 genera (35 species)
Aulacophora (2), Cerophysa (1), Chapuisia (8), Chthoneis (1), Diabrotica (12), Haplosomoides (5), Hyphaenia (1), Liroetis (1), Luperodes (1), Platyxantha (1), Pseudoscelida (1), Rohaniella (1).
Antennae119 genera (645 species)
Segments modified109 genera (585 species)
Acroxena (4), Afrocrania (5), Agetocera (23), Alphidia (1), Anisobrotica (2), Antsianaka (1), Apophylia (17), Arimetus (2), Arthrotus (1), Asbecesta (20), Aulacophora (53), Austrotella (2), Bangprella (1), Bonesia (2), Buckibrotica (1), Cerophysa (35), Cerophysella (2), Cerotoma (3), Chapuisia (10), Chthoneis (3), Clitena (2), Cneorane (1), Coraia (2), Cornubrotica (2), Deinocladus (3), Dercetina (1), Diabrotica (21), Dircemella (1), Doryscus (1), Dreeus (1), Duvivieria (1), Eccoptopsis (12), Ectmesopus (3), Exosoma (2), Geinula (1), Halysacantha (1), Haplosomoides (3), Hoplosaenidea (7), Huillania (3), Hylaspoides (1), Hymnesia (1), Hyphaenia (4), Japonitata (3), Kinabalua (2), Laetana (1), Laetiacantha (10), Leptoxena (1), Lesnella (1), Liroetiella (1), Luperodes (2), Luperosoma (9), Malacorhinus (5), Megalognatha (59), Metacoryna (5), Metopoedema (1), Metrobrotica (2), Microlepta (1), Miltina (1), Neolaetana (5), Niasia (3), Nirina (3), Nirinoides (3), Oidomorpha (1), Oorlogia (1), Ornithonagthus (1), Oroetes (2), Orthoxia (1), Palpaenidea (1), Palpoxena (6), Parabrotica (1), Paraplotes (3), Parabescesta (6), Paratriarius (2), Periclitena (2), Phyllecthris (3), Phyllobrotica (1), Phyllobroticella (7), Pimentelia (1), Platybrotica (1), Platyxantha (19), Porechontes (2), Pseudorupilia (2), Pseudoshaira (1), Pseudoscelida (2), Rohaniella (1), Ruwenzoria (1), Samoria (7), Sarawakiola (1), Schematiza (5), Sermyloides (26), Sessilia (1), Shungwayana (1), Sikkimia (4), Simopsis (1), Spilocephalus (3), Spilonotella (1), Stenoplatys (2), Synetocephalus (1), Taenala (2), Taphinella (1), Taumacera (41), Taumaceroides (1), Theopea (5), Therphis (1), Trichomimastra (1), Vitruvia (1), Xenarthra (6), Xenoda (23), Zinjotella (1).
With 10 segments2 genera (5 species)
Oroetes (2), Phyllecthris (3)
With long hairs19 genera (55 species)
Acroxena (1), Aelianus (1), Apophylia (1), Arthrotus (1), Aulacophora (2), Cerophysa (1), Cerophysella (1), Chthoneis (1), Dimalianella (2), Eleona (1), Haplosomoides (1), Hyphaenia (21), Leptaulaca (5), Mahutia (1), Mimastra (1), Platyxantha (7), Pseudoscelida (2), Sinoluperoides (1), Stenellina (4).
Thorax37 genera (379 species)
Pronotum10 genera (38 species)
With tubercles4 genera (17 species)
Bacteriaspis (2), Cannonia (4), Paracanthina (2), Prosmidia (9).
With cavities5 genera (19 species)
Jacobya (5), Laetiacantha (9), Neolaetana (3), Oroetes (1), Paleosepharia (1).
Posterior process5 genera (22 species)
Cannonia (4), Laetiacantha (6), Paleosepharia (1), Prosmidia (9), Taenala (2).
Scutellum tongue-shapedProsmidia (3).
Elytra30 genera (304 species)
With tubercles10 genera (119 species)
Bacteriaspis (2), Cannonia (2), Diacantha (81), Elyces (1), Halysacantha (1), Laetiacantha (10), Lesnella (1), Paracanthina (2), Prosmidia (18), Sonchia (1).
With cavities19 genera (180 species)
Afroatrachya (1), Afrocrania (10), Androlyperus (6), Atrachya (5), Austrotella (2), Candezea (8), Cerophysella (2), Erythrobapta (1), Lomirana (1), Malacorhinus (8), Monolepta (30), Neolaetana (5), Paleosepharia (44), Paratriarius (8), Paridea (15), Phyllobroticella (7), Pseudocophora (25), Pseudocrania (2), Strobiderus (1).
Humeral hairsAulacophora (5).
Metasternum4 genera (60 species)
Apophylia (12), Cneoranidea (1), Kinabalua (2), Taumacera (45).
Legs88 genera (401 species)
Hind trochanterCoeligetes (1), Liroetis (1), Monolepta (1).
Front femoraLygistus (1), Mahutia (1), Taumaceroides (1).
Middle femoraCornibrotica (1), Mahutia (1).
Hind femoraMahutia (1), Leptoxena (1), Apophylia (3).
Front tibiaeCornubrotica (1), Cyclotrypema (1), Eccoptopsis (1), Eleona (1), Hoplosaenidea (1), Hystiopsis (3), Leptaulaca (1), Metrobrotica (1), Mombasa (3), Parabrotica (1), Platymorpha (2), Platyxantha (1), Simopsis (1), Stenoplatys (1), Synetocephalus (1), Luperosoma (9), Taumacera (2), Taumaceroides (1).
Middle tibiaeCoraia (2), Cornubrotica (1), Deinocladus (3), Dreeus (1), Ephaenidea (1), Haplosomoides (1), Momaea (1), Oroetes (1), Parabrotica (1), Phyllecthris (3), Platymorpha (1), Porechontes (3), Simopsis (1), Synetocephalus (1), Taumacera (2), Trichobrotica (9).
Hind tibiae Apophylia (2), Cerophysa (1), Duvivieria (1), Haplosomoides (1), Hoplasoma (1), Hoplosaenidea (3), Lilophaea (1), Luperodes (1), Platyxantha (2), Scelida (1), Scelidacne (1), Scelolyperus (15), Synetocephalus (1), Taumacera (11).
Tarsal claws bifid2 genera (153 species)
Apophylia (148), Erynephala (5)
Abdomen18 genera (66 species)
Anatela (1), Androlyperus (1), Apophylia (6), Cneoranidea (1), Ceoligetes (2), Euliroetis (5), Haplosomoides (13), Hemigascelis (1), Hoplasoma (13), Inbioluperus (1), Liroetis (2), Luperogala (2), Mimastra (2), Nymphius (9), Phyllobrotica (4), Pseudoluperus (1), Scelida (1), Scelidacne (1).