Results of a Pilot Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial in Primary and Secondary Raynaud's Phenomenon with St. John's Wort: Detecting Changes in Angiogenic Cytokines When RP Improves

Table 2

Within-group comparisons of patient-reported improvements in the frequency of Raynaud’s attacks and the difference of cytokine levels between pre- and post-treatment. 𝑃 values were calculated using 2-tailed, paired 𝑡-tests. Data represents mean comparisons of changes in cytokines in those who had more than 50% reduction in frequency (number) of RP attacks compared to those who did not.

Cytokine	Mean cytokine change		Difference	Std. error difference	𝑃 value
	Frequency of attacks improved by ≥50% (𝑛=7)	Frequency of attacks improved by <50% (𝑛=6)
sE-Selectin	5843.8	−3473.3	9317.1	4203.1	0.049
sVCAM-1	134550.6	−14819.9	149370.5	122138.5	0.247
sICAM-1	8861.6	−13292.5	22154.1	17813.4	0.239
MMP-9	68574.0	−104997.8	173571.8	57260.1	0.011
tPAI-1	−188.4	−10086.1	9897.7	7392.6	0.208
IL-4	−0.2	0.0	−0.2	0.2	0.356
IL-6	−2.6	0.1	−2.7	2.9	0.387
IL-8	−0.4	−1.1	0.7	1.9	0.726
IL-10	0.0	0.0
IL-12p70	0.3	0.1	0.3	0.3	0.416
IL-17	0.0	−0.5	0.5	0.5	0.363
Eotaxin	−4.6	0.6	−5.2	9.4	0.588
Basic FGF	1.0	3.4	−2.5	2.9	0.408
G-CSF	15.0	−12.1	27.0	10.0	0.020
IFN-γ	−13.6	0.6	−14.1	21.8	0.531
IP-10	110.1	78.9	31.2	106.8	0.776
MCP-1	−12.4	−3.1	−9.3	20.2	0.654
MIP-1α	−0.4	0.3	−0.7	0.5	0.199
MIP-1β	7.1	−3.5	10.6	5.5	0.082
PDGF-BB	−133.4	−244.1	110.7	309.2	0.727
TNF- α	−1.0	2.2	−3.2	3.1	0.341
VEGF	7.3	−11.5	18.8	6.3	0.012
TGF-β1	−2.4	−4.1	1.7	2.9	0.565