Results of a Pilot Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial in Primary and Secondary Raynaud's Phenomenon with St. John's Wort: Detecting Changes in Angiogenic Cytokines When RP Improves

Table 3

Within-group comparisons of patient-reported improvements in the severity of Raynaud’s attacks and the difference of cytokine levels between pre- and post-treatment. 𝑃 values were calculated using 2-tailed, paired 𝑡-tests.

Cytokine	Mean cytokine change		Mean difference	Std. error difference	𝑃 value
	Severity of attacks improved by ≥50% (𝑛=2)	Severity of attacks improved by <50% (𝑛=11)
sE-Selectin	1429.1	1564.4	−135.3	6985.0	.985
sVCAM-1	443639.4	−3122.2	446761.6	119191.6	.003
sICAM-1	27421.2	−6596.9	34018.1	10030.8	.007
MMP-9	31051.5	−19279.3	50330.7	106102.6	.645
tPAI-1	1203.7	−5840.2	7043.9	10808.5	.528
IL-4	0.0	−0.2	0.2	0.4	.689
IL-6	0.0	−1.6	1.6	4.5	.724
IL-8	1.4	−1.2	2.6	2.4	.305
IL-10	0.0	0.0
IL-12p70	−0.1	0.2	−0.3	0.4	.447
IL-17	0.0	−0.3	0.3	0.7	.689
Eotaxin	4.0	−3.3	7.3	12.9	.582
Basic FGF	−1.0	2.7	−3.7	3.9	.363
G-CSF	8.8	1.3	7.5	17.7	.680
IFN-γ	9.0	−10.0	19.0	30.2	.542
IP-10	188.5	78.8	109.7	144.4	.463
MCP-1	27.8	−14.7	42.4	11.4	.004
MIP-1α	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.8	.956
MIP-1β	3.1	2.1	1.0	8.8	.916
PDGF-BB	3.0	−218.6	221.6	424.4	.612
TNF-α	−0.4	0.7	−1.1	4.2	.798
VEGF	9.5	−3.4	12.9	11.0	.265
TGF-β1	−3.5	−3.1	−0.4	4.1	.919