Review Article

Highlights in Seagrasses’ Phylogeny, Physiology, and Metabolism: What Makes Them Special?

Table 1

Seagrass species sensu stricto according to the definitions by Larkum et al. [1]. The table shows combined data from Ackerman [101] and Short et al. [18].

FamilyGenusReproductive ecologyReproductive ecology Distribution
ModeDecliny

HydrocharitaceaeEnhalus (1)SurfaceMonoecious5*
Thalassia (2)SubmarineDioecious2, 5
Halophila (14)SubmarineMonoecious and dioecious2, 3, 4, 5, 6

CymodoceaceaeAmphibolis (2)SubmarineDioecious6
Cymodocea (4)SubmarineDioecious1, 3, 5
Halodule (8)SubmarineDioecious1, 2, 5
Syringodium (4)SubmarineDioecious2, 5
Thalassodendron (2)SubmarineDioecious5, 6

PosidoniaceaePosidonia (1)SubmarineBisexual3, 6

ZosteraceaeHeterozostera (1)SubmarineMonoecious6
Phyllospadix (5)SubmarineDioecious4
Nanozostera (8)Submarine and surfaceMonoecious1, 3, 4, 5, 6
Zostera (4)Submarine and surfaceMonoecious1, 3, 4, 5, 6

*1 Temperate North Atlantic, 2 Tropical Atlantic, 3 Mediterranean, 4 Temperate North Pacific, 5 Tropical Indo-Pacific, 6 Temperate Southern Oceans.