Tin-Catalyzed Esterification and Transesterification Reactions: A Review

Table 15

Yields of FAMEs obtained from castor oil transesterification and soybean oil with methyl alcohol performed in CS and OG reactors in presence of Sn(IV) catalysts at different temperatures^a [15].

Reactor temperature (°C)	Time (h)	Sn(IV) catalysts
		DBTDA		DBTDL		DBTO		BTA
		Soybean oil	Castor oil	Soybean oil	Castor oil	Soybean oil	Castor oil	Soybean oil	Castor oil
OG	2	13	<5	11	<5	<5	6	<5	<5
	4	23	<5	20	<5	7	<5	<5	<5
CS; 80	2	63	<5	48	7	48	12	10	<5
	4	75	<5	62	8	64	16	9	<5
CS;120	2	73	47	77	23	83	26	76	14
	4	77	64	76	36	85	43	60	35
CS; 150	2	65	46	98	52	95	50	73	53
	4	79	56	80	57	75	50	74	61

^aReaction conditions: molar proportions of methyl alcohol : oil : catalyst = 400 : 100 : 1, magnetic stirring (1000 rpm).