Online Hierarchical Controller for Hybrid Power System

Figure 16

Simulation results for the power balance of the HES: (a) and (b) present the SOC and currant (A), respectively, of battery and ultracapacitor, (c) shows the generated and consumed power (W) output from the combustion engine, and (d) shows the generated power (W) output from the renewable sources, the demanded and consumed power by the load.