Review Article
Imaging Evaluation of Dogs and Cats with Dysphagia
Table 1
The origin and types of dysphagia are described.
| Classification | Abnormality |
| Oropharyngeal dysphagia | | (i) Oral phase | Difficult prehension and/or abnormal transport of bolus to tongue base | (ii) Pharyngeal phase | Abnormal transport of bolus from oropharynx to hypopharynx | (iii) Cricopharyngeal phase | Abnormal transport of bolus through upper esophageal sphincter | Esophageal dysphagia | Disorder of transport of bolus through the esophagus to the stomach | Gastroesophageal dysphagia | Abnormal transport of bolus through the lower esophageal sphincter |
|
|