Research Article

Associations of the Burden of Coal Abandoned Mine Lands with Three Dimensions of Community Context in Pennsylvania

Table 1

AML variables, dimensions of community context, and covariates across AML and non-AML communities.

VariableAML communities ( 𝑛 = 9 4 3 )Non-AML communities ( 𝑛 = 3 4 0 )
433 communities with no reclaimed features 510 communities with at least one reclaimed feature 340 communities without unreclaimed or reclaimed features
nMeanStandard deviationRangenMeanStandard deviationRangenMeanStandard deviationRange

Density of mine areas
(mi2 × 1000 per mi2)
433113.62161.56(0.02, 1000)510215.17199.95(0.05, 1026)
Density of P1a areas
(mi2 × 1000 per mi2)
4330.020.21(0, 2.70)5100.110.58(0, 7.14)
Density of P2b areas
(mi2 × 1000 per mi2)
4330.701.90(0, 16.67)5101.662.99(0, 36.84)
Density of P3c areas
(mi2 × 1000 per mi2)
4331.092.10(0, 12.12)5101.732.76(0, 26.09)
Density of AQd features
(z-score)
433 0 . 5 8 g 1.35(−0.89, 22.60)5100.492.63(−0.89, 37.71)
Density of PHe features
(z-score)
433−0.611.42(−1.19, 10.42)5100.522.90(−1.19, 34.10)
Density of TCf features
(z-score)
433−0.481.78(−1.18, 24.46)5100.402.46(−1.18, 20.16)
Clustering group 4
(continuous)
433−1.954.33(−28.91, 0.00)510−5.816.46(−40.92, 0.00)
Accessibility
(z-score)
4333.195.16(−35.48, 8.86)510 𝟓 . 𝟖 𝟎 h 2.93(−13.35, 9.31)340−12.6410.15(−51.32, 4.54)
Diversity
(count)
4332.712.28(0, 11.00)5106.883.38(0, 12.00)3400.490.50(0, 1)
Density of streams
(miles per mi2)
3331.241.28(0.00, 7.81)4360.890.75(0.00, 4.94)1680.741.14(0.00, 10.73)
Socioeconomic deprivation
(z-score)
4330.375.03(−9.88, 29.98)5100.293.70(−6.60, 22.81)340−0.910.45(−8.36, 19.75)
Social disorganization
(z-score)
4330.373.42(−8.63, 16.19)510−0.572.63(−5.50, 15.65)3400.383.31(−7.28, 14.24)
Physical disorder
(ordinal)
4330.570.64(0, 2.00)5100.570.64(0, 2.00)3400.630.65(0, 2.00)
Median age
(years)
43339.974.43(17, 65.10)51040.183.87(19.80, 59.00)34039.344.43(21.80, 62.40)
Proportion male4330.4860.03(0.32, 0.80)5100.4910.04(0.38, 0.89)3400.4910.03(0.41, 0.69)
Proportion non-white4330.070.16(0, 0.99)5100.040.09(0, 0.97)3400.060.15(0, 0.94)
Proportion Hispanic4330.0070.01(0, 0.14)5100.0070.01(0, 17.70)3400.0080.01(0, 0.15)
Proportion urban4330.480.48(0, 1.00)5100.350.44(0, 1.00)3400.280.42(0, 1.00)
Median household income ($)4333424211958(8955, 147298)510332377332(7417, 85817)3403664610285(10101, 115672)
Proportion mining occupation4330.0080.02(0, 0.11)5100.0120.02(0, 0.097)3400.0060.01(0, 0.14)
Density of active mines
(mines per mi2)
4330.120.62(0, 8.70)5100.300.57(0, 6.45)3400.000.004(0, 0.05)
Population density
(people per mi2)
43322253112(0.69, 24661)51014202416(0.47, 14150)34014282872(2.04, 18100)
Land area
(mi2)
43312.8121.27(0.06, 157.15)51020.2320.38(0.09, 148.65)34015.6916.80(0.05, 88.04)

a P 1 = priority 1 areas (see text for definition),
b P 2 = priority 2 areas,
c P 3 = priority 3 areas,
d A Q = aesthetic quality,
e P H = physical hazards,
f T C = toxic contamination,
g 𝐼 𝑡 𝑎 𝑙 𝑖 𝑐 𝑠 indicates statistically significantly different from means of one or two other groups ( 𝑃 value at least <0.05),
h B o l d indicates means of all three groups statistically significantly differ from each other ( 𝑃 value at least <0.05).