Research Article

Pyrolysis of Tall Oil-Derived Fatty and Resin Acid Mixtures

Table 2

Classificationa of aliphatic pyrolysis products (including their formula) from the tall oil studies.

𝑛 Alk-1-enes and other alkenes
 1-HexeneC6H12
 1-HepteneC7H14
 1-Octene and other octenesbC8H16
 1-Noneneband other nonenesbC9H18
 1-Deceneb and other decenesbC10H20
 1-Undecene and other undecenesbC11H22
 1-Dodecene and other dodecenesbC12H24
 1-Trideceneb and other tridecenesbC13H26
 1-Tetradeceneb and other tetradecenesbC14H28
 1-PentadecenebC15H30
 1-HexadecenebC16H32
 1-HeptadecenebC17H34
Alkanes
 HeptaneC7H16
 OctaneC8H18
 NonanebC9H20
 DecanebC10H22
 UndecaneC11H24
 DodecanebC12H26
 TridecaneC13H28
 TetradecanebC14H30
 PentadecanebC15H32
Dienes
 2-Methyl-2,3-hexadieneC7H12
 2,5-Dimethyl-2,4-hexadienecC8H14
 1,3-OctadienebC8H14
 1,3-NonadienebC9H16
 1,4-Undecadieneb and 2,4-undecadienebC11H20
 2,4-DodecadienebC12H22
 1,9-TetradecadienebC14H26
 1,15-HexadecadienebC16H30
 6,8-HeptadecadienebC17H32
Cycloalkanes
 ButylcyclopentanebC9H18
 NonylcyclopentanebC14H28
 NonylcyclohexanebC15H30
Cycloalkenes
 MethylcyclopentadienecC6H8
 1-Methyl-1,4-cyclohexadieneC7H10
 3-EthenylcyclopentenebC7H10
 5,6-Dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadienec and   C8H12
 1,5-dimethyl-1,4-cyclohexadienec
 1,3,8-p-MenthatrieneC10H14
 1,4-DimethyldihydroazulenecC12H14
Terpenes and terpenoids
α-TerpinenecC10H16
 Δ3-CarenecC10H16
 LimonenecC10H16
 ChamazulenecC14H16
 1,4-dimethyl-7-(1-methylethyl)azulenecC15H18
 Stigmastan-3,5-diencC29H48
Terpenes and terpenoids containing oxygen
 BorneolcC10H18O
 1-Methyloestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-18-nor-17-ketonecC18H22O
Ketones
 2-DodecanonebC12H24O
 2-NonadecanonebC19H38O
Other Oxygen containing compounds
 10,12-HexadecadienalbC16H28O
 9,12,15-Octadecatrien-1-olbC18H32O
Others
 1,4-Bis(methylene)cyclohexanecC8H12
 5-Dodecen-7-ynebC12H20
 1-(2-Methyl-1-propenyl)-7-(1-propynyl)-  tricyclohexanecC8H12
 1-HexadecynebC16H30
 HexaethylidenecyclohexanecC18H24
 10-DemethylsqualenecC19H48

a C ompounds are listed within each substance group according to their GC retention times.
b O nly in the pyrolysate of neutralised TOFA.
c O nly in the pyrolysate of neutralised TOR.