Diversity and Habitat Use of Neotropical Harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones) in a Costa Rican Rainforest
Figure 6
Nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordination using a Bray-Curtis dissimilarity matrix of log() transformed data for abundance of harvestmen. (a-b) Samples collected during the day ( sites) comparing species composition between logs and trees across three forest ages. (c-d) Samples collected during the night ( sites with four microhabitats sampled at each site) across three forest ages. (a) Variation in species composition was not explained by differences between three successional forests. (b) A high degree of dissimilarity was observed between the two microhabitats during the day. (c) A small amount of variation in species composition was detected between three successional forests for night samples. (d) A high degree of similarity was observed for ground/litter layer microhabitats (i.e., leaf litter and logs) and for microhabitats in the shrub/tree layer that are associated with climbing (i.e., trees and foliage). The ground/litter layer was markedly dissimilar from the shrub/tree layer. Ellipses represent standard deviation. Fitted vectors illustrate correlations between the ordination space of sample sites and indicator species: 1 = Prionostemma sp. 1; 2 = Cynorta marginalis; 3 = Prionostemma sp. 2; 4 = Paecilaema sp. 1; 5 = Ethobunus albitrochanteris; 6 = Eucynorta sp. 1; 7 = Glysterus sp. 1; 8 = Prionostemma sp. 3; 9 = Metopilio ornatipes). Y : young secondary forest; M : mature secondary forest; P : primary forest; L : logs; R : leaf litter; T :  trees; F :  foliage.
