Characteristics and Prevalence of Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA)

Table 1

Comparative evaluation of different parameters in different types of diabetes including LADA.

Parameter	Type 1		Type 2		LADA		Undiagnosed
Prevalence (%)	6.2		79.2		5		9.6
Gender-wise prevalence
Males (%)	38.7		62.12		80		54.16
Females (%)	61.3		37.87		20		45.83
Average age (yrs)	21.64±1.97		55.69±0.47		40.8±1.48		44.46±1.56
Range (yrs)	6–59		33–82		23–55		25–65
Mean age at onset of diabetes (yrs)	12.55±1.34		48.01±0.5		33.4±2.15		37.68±1.28
Range (yrs)	2–30		30–75		22–44		20–45
Prevalence in different age groups (%)	M	F	M	F	M	F	M	F
<12 years	16.66	10.52	0	0	0	0	0	0
12–24 years	41.66	63.15	0	0	5	0	0	0
25–35 years	16.66	26.31	0.8	0.8	15	20	11.5	36.36
36–45 years	16.66	0	15.04	15.04	60	20	30.76	22.72
>45 years	8.33	0	54.14	84.14	20	60	57.69	40.90
Family history (% patients)
Present	35.48		57.07		52		70.81
Absent	65.42		42.93		48		29.17
Basal metabolic index (BMI, % patients)
Underweight (U)	38.6		1.76		12		5
Healthy (H)	58		25.5		76		55
Overweight (H)	3.2		47.3		12		35
Obese (O)	0		22.9		0		5
Very obese (VOb)	0		2.27		0		0
Mean BMI	19.96 ± 0.629		27.95 ± 0.26		22 ± 0.55		25.68 ± 0.65
BMI range	13.75–25		16–45		15–26		16.5–34
Treatment regimen (% patients)
Insulin	92.5		3.5		20		12
OHA	3.5		65.5		16		53.5
Insulin + OHA	3.5		29.5		60		34.5
Drug therapy (% patients)
1 DT	96.4		18		23.6		28
2 DT	3.6		28		23.8		28
3 DT	0		29		23.8		12.5
4 DT	0		21.5		28.5		22
5 DT	0		3		0		9.4
Mean HbA1c levels (%)	9.661 ± 1.10		8.21 ± 0.25		10.45 ± 0.75		7.89 ± 0.47
Mean cholesterol levels (mg/dL)	No data available		181.96 ± 5.28		222.33 ± 26.87		210.90 ± 13.59
Mean C-peptide levels (ng/mL)	0.36 ± 0.05		1.26 ± 0.36		0.34 ± 0.05		0.63 ± 0.15
GAD autoantibodies	0.76 ± 0.05		0.7 ± 0.06		0.95 ± 0.06		1.01 ± 0.07
(units/mL)	Absent		Absent		Present		Present