Regional Variation on Rates of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Associated Risk Factors

Table 3

Distribution of infant characteristics by BPD status.

Characteristics	All infants	BPD
		Cases 𝑛=64	Controls 𝑛=48	𝑃	OR^*	95% CI
Sex, 𝑛 (%)
Male	108 (50.9)	34 (53.1)	74 (50.0)	0.676	1.10	0.73	1.66
Female	104 (49.1)	30 (46.9)	74 (50.0)		1.00
Gestational age, 𝑛 (%)
27–29 weeks	114 (53.8)	40 (62.5)	74 (50.0)	0.094	1.43	0.93	2.20
30-31 weeks	98 (46.2)	24 (37.5)	74 (50.0)		1.00
Birth weight, 𝑛 (%)
<1000 g	37 (17.4)	14 (21.9)	23 (15.5)	0.301	1.70	0.86	3.38
1000–1500 g	130 (61.3)	40 (62.5)	90 (60.8)		1.30	0.76	2.53
>1500 g	45 (21.2)	10 (15.6)	35 (23.6)		1.00
SGA 𝑛 (%)	12 (5.7)	3 (4.7)	9 (6.1)	0.687	0.82	0.30	2.23
Apgar score <5 at 5 min, 𝑛 (%)	2 (0.94)	0 (0.0)	2 (1.35)	0.350	1.00	0.82	1.21
Mean SNAP II, 𝑛 (%)
0 to 10	143 (67.4)	102 (68.9)	41 (64.0)
11 to 19	54 (5.5)	36 (24.3)	18 (28.1)	0.381
>20	15 (7.1)	10 (6.8)	5 (7.2)
PDA (%)	64 (30.2)	30 (46.9)	34 (23.0)	0.001	2.04	1.38	3.03
Air Leak Syndrome (%)	12 (5.7)	6 (9.4)	6 (4.0)	0.124	1.72	0.94	3.16
Sepsis (%)	109 (51.4)	39 (60.9)	70 (47.3)	0.068	1.47	0.98	2.38
IVH grade III or IV (%)	4 (1.90)	1 (1.6)	3 (2.0)	0.820	0.83	0.15	4.56
Ventilatory Support (%)
nCPAP only	162 (76.4)	37 (57.8)	125 (84.5)	0.000	1
nCPAP + MV	50 (23.6)	27 (42.2)	23 (15.5)		2.36	1.61	3.46
LOMV ≥ 7 days (%)^*	15 (30.0)^*	8 (29.6)	7 (30.4)		1.12	0.68	1.84
Use of Surfactant (%)
Very early	106 (50.0)	20 (31.2)	86 (58.1)	0.000	1
Rescue	27 (12.7)	18 (28.1)	9 (6.1)		6.16	2.53	15.02
No surfactant	79 (37.3)	26 (40.6)	53 (35.8)		3.53	2.19	5.69
FIO2 (median values)	0.53	0.52	0.52	0.102

Deaths before 36 wPMA are excluded. BPD: bronchopulmonary dysplasia, SGA: small for gestational age, SNAP-II: score for neonatal acute physiology, nCPAP: nasal continuous positive airway pressure, MV: mechanical ventilation, LOMV: length of mechanical ventilation, PDA: patent ductus arteriosus.