Research Article
Regional Variation on Rates of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Associated Risk Factors
Table 5
Variables assessed by city of birth for all infants studied and for BPD cases.
| | Characteristics | Bogotá | Cali | Bucaramanga | | | All infants | BPD | RR, 95% CI | All infants | BPD | RR, 95% CI | All infants | BPD | OR, 95% CI | |
| | Maternal and infant baseline characteristics | | | | | | | | | | | Maternal age, mean ± (SD) | 27.7 (6.2) | 27.8 (6.5) | 1.00 (0.98; 1.02) | 27.4 (6.4) | 26.6 (5.6) | 1.00 (0.98; 1.01) | 26.4 (7.0) | 23.8 (5.9) | 0.99 (0.98; 1.01) | 0.6607 | | Antenatal steroids, (%) | 75 (87.2) | 38 (50.7) | 1.15 (0.84; 1.58) | 71 (89.9) | 12 (16.9) | 0.92 (0.70; 1.22) | 38 (84.4) | 6 (15.8) | 1.17 (0.89; 1.53) | <0.0001 | | Preterm premature rupture of membranes (%) | 34 (38.6) | 17 (50.0) | 0.99 (0.80; 1.24) | 32 (40.5) | 9 (28.1) | 1.19 (1.01; 1.41) | 10 (22.2) | 4 (40.0) | 1.41 (1.13; 1.75) | 0.1918 |
| | Gender, (%) | | | | | | | | | | | | Female | 45 (51.1) | 21 (46.7) | 1 | 39 (49.4) | 7 (17.9) | 1 | 20 (45.5) | 2 (10.0) | 1 | 0.0018 | | Male | 43 (48.9) | 23 (53.5) | 1.07 (0.87; 1.32) | 40 (50.6) | 7 (17.5) | 1.00 (0.84; 1.18) | 24 (54.5) | 4 (16.7) | 1.07 (0.87; 1.32) | 0.0004 | | Gestational age at birth, wPMA, mean ± (SD) | 29.0 (1.3) | 29.0 (1.3) | 0.99 (0.91; 1.07) | 29.4 (1.4) | 28.8 (1.5) | 0.95 (0.89; 1.00) | 29.1 (1.2) | 28.2 (0.8) | 0.92 (0.85; 1.00) | 0.0527 | | Birth weight, grams, mean ± (SD) | 1285.6 (290) | 1231.4 (261) | 1.00 (1.00; 1.00) | 1273.2 (286) | 1170.4 (267) | 1.01 (0.97; 1.06) | 1255.0 (264) | 1064.2 (261) | 1.00 (1.00; 1.00) | 0.0380 | | SGA, (%) | 4 (4.6) | 2 (50.0) | 1.00 (0.60; 1.66) | 5 (6.3) | 1 (20.0) | 1.02 (0.72; 1.45) | 3 (6.7) | 0 (0.00) | 0.87 (0.58; 1.30) | 0.5450 | | Apgar score 5 min, median (IR) | 9 (8-9) | 9 (8-9) | 1.08 (0.97; 1.19) | 8 (8-9) | 8 (8-9) | 0.94 (0.85; 1.03) | 9 (8-9) | 8 (7–9) | 0.95 (0.87; 1.04) | 0.6286 | | SNAP-II, mean ± (SD) | 5.6 (8.4) | 5.9 (8.7) | 1.00 (0.99; 1.02) | 5.5 (9.1) | 4.7 (8.8) | 1.00 (0.99; 1.01) | 6.2 (9.5) | 12.3 (14.0) | 1.01 (1.00; 1.02) | 0.8534 |
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Respiratory management variables in the first 7 days of life | | | | | | | | | | Ventilatory support (%) | | | | | | | | | | | | nCPAP only | 70 (79.5) | 30 (42.9) | 1 | 54 (68.4) | 2 (3.7) | 1 | 38 (84.4) | 5 (13.2) | 1 | <0.0001 | | nCPAP + MV | 18 (20.5) | 14 (77.8) | 1.42 (1.10; 1.82) | 25 (31.6) | 12 (48.0) | 1.56 (1.33; 1.82) | 7 (15.6) | 1 (14.3) | 1.01 (0.76; 1.34) | 0.0117 | | (median values) | 0.59 | 0.61 | 1.52 (1.03; 2.24) | 0.46 | 0.43 | 1.28 (0.76; 2.15) | 0.55 | 0.53 | 0.91 (0.55; 1.52) | 0.0103 | | LOMV, mean ± (SD) | 4.3 (1.3) | 4.2 (1.4) | 0.98 (0.83; 1.15) | 3.3 (1.5) | 2.89 (1.6) | 0.94 (0.83; 1.06) | 3.7 (2.52) | 0 (0.00) | — | 0.1729 | | Use of Surfactant, (%) | | | | | | | | | | | | Very early | 45 (51.1) | 12 (26.7) | 1 | 38 (48.1) | 5 (13.2) | 1 | 23 (51.1) | 3 (13.0) | 1 | 0.2115 | | Rescue therapy | 12 (13.6) | 10 (83.3) | 1.76 (1.33; 2.34) | 13 (16.5) | 8 (61.5) | 1.62 (1.32; 2.00) | 2 (4.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0.88 (0.53; 1.46) | 0.0592 | | No surfactant | 31 (35.2) | 22 (71.0) | 1.56 (1.27; 1.91) | 27 (34.2) | 1 (3.6) | 0.91 (0.77; 1.07) | 20 (44.4) | 3 (15.0) | 1.02 (0.83; 1.26) | <0.0001 |
| | Postnatal diagnosis | | | | | | | | | | | | Air leak syndrome, (%) | 4 (4.6) | 3 (75.0) | 1.30 (0.78; 2.15) | 6 (7.6) | 3 (50.0) | 1.42 (1.04; 1.93) | 2 (4.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0.87 (0.54; 1.41) | 0.2860 | | PDA (%) | 57 (64.8) | 25 (43.9) | 1.16 (0.93; 1.45) | 54 (68.4) | 5 (9.3) | 1.31 (1.10; 1.55) | 37 (82.2) | 4 (10.8) | 1.53 (0.89; 1.49) | <0.0001 | | Sepsis (%) | 32 (36.4) | 23 (71.9) | 1.38 (1.12; 1.71) | 48 (60.8) | 11 (22.9) | 1.14 (0.96; 1.35) | 29 (64.4) | 5 (17.2) | 1.12 (0.91; 1.37) | <0.0001 |
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omparison of BPD cases among cities.
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