Predictors of Prolonged Stay in the Intensive Care Unit following Cardiac Surgery

Table 2

Bivariate analysis between the ICU-LOS and independent variables.

	ICU-LOS (days)		𝑃-value
	≤2	>2
	𝑛 (%)	𝑛 (%)
Gender			0.48^*
Male	51 (50.0)	51 (50.0)
Female	27 (56.3)	21 (43.8)
Age (years)			0.89^*
≤66	41 (52.6)	37 (47.4)
>66	37 (51.4)	35 (48.6)
BMI			0.22^*
Normal	29 (59.2)	20 (40.8)
Overweight/obese	49 (48.5)	52 (51.5)
Chronic pulmonary disease			0.2^*
No	67 (54.5)	56 (45.5)
Yes	11 (40.7)	16 (59.3)
Diabetes			0.6^*
No	54 (53.5)	47 (46.5)
Yes	24 (49.0)	25 (51.0)
Type of surgery			0.06^*
Coronary artery bypass grafting (Type I)	40 (59.7)	27 (40.3)
Valve disease repair (Type II)	23 (56.1)	18 (43.9)
Aorta aneurysm repair	6 (35.3)	11 (64.7)
Types I and II	5 (27.8)	13 (72.2)
Other^***	4 (57.1)	3 (42.9)
Preoperative serum Cr (mg/dL)			𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟓^∗
≤1.4	71 (57.3)	53 (42.7)
>1.4	7 (26.9)	19 (73.1)
Mean intraoperative blood glucose (mg/dl)			𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟐^∗
≤130	50 (64.1)	28 (35.9)
>130	28 (38.9)	44 (61.1)
Preoperative IABP			0.05^∗∗
No	78 (53.4)	68 (46.6)
Yes	0 (0.0)	4 (100.0)
CPB			0.72^*
No	9 (56.3)	7 (43.8)
Yes	69 (51.5)	65 (48.5)
EFLV			0.1^*
≤55	50 (47.6)	55 (52.4)
>55	28 (62.2)	17 (37.8)
Duration of surgery (min)			𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟐^∗
≤250	49 (64.5)	27 (35.5)
>250	29 (39.2)	45 (60.8)
Duration of CPB (min)			< 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟏^∗
≤125	51 (67.1)	25 (32.9)
>125	27 (36.5)	47 (63.5)
Preoperative AF			𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟑^∗
No	75 (56.4)	58 (43.6)
Yes	3 (17.6)	14 (82.4)
Emergency			𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟐^∗
No	76 (56.3)	59 (43.7)
Yes	2 (13.3)	13 (86.7)
Ischemic time (min)			0.073^*
≤78	45 (59.2)	31 (40.8)
>78	33 (44.6)	41 (55.4)
RBC			𝟎.𝟎𝟏𝟔^∗
No	57 (59.4)	39 (40.6)
Yes	21 (38.9)	33 (61.1)
Logistic EuroSCORE (%)			< 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟏^∗
≤5.4	52 (69.3)	23 (30.7)
>5.4	26 (34.7)	49 (65.3)

AF: atrial fibrillation, BMI: body mass index, CPB: cardiopulmonary bypass, Cr: creatinine, EFLV: ejection fraction of the left ventricle, EuroSCORE: European system for cardiac operative risk Evaluation, IABP: intraaortic balloon pump, ICU: intensive care unit, LOS: length of stay, RBCs: red blood cells.
^*Chi-square test
^**Fisher’s exact test
^***Another category refers to 7 patients who have undergone the closure of an atrial septal defect or a valve surgery in conjunction with aorta aneurysm repair.