Tuning and Retuning of PID Controller for Unstable Systems Using Evolutionary Algorithm

<table>Convergence of  <svg height="16.237499" id="M99" style="vertical-align:-4.74141pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 19.262501 16.237499" width="19.262501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">𝐾</tspan>
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<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">𝑝</tspan>
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</svg>, <svg height="14.3625" id="M100" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16.0625 14.3625" width="16.0625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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<g transform="translate(72,-60.51)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">𝐾</tspan>
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<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.42,60.66)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">𝑖</tspan>
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</svg>, and <svg height="14.375" id="M101" style="vertical-align:-3.24037pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 19.137501 14.375" width="19.137501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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<g transform="translate(72,-60.5)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">𝐾</tspan>
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<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">𝑑</tspan>
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</svg>  with PSO tuned PID.</table>

International Scholarly Research Notices

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Figure 3

Figure 3: Tuning and Retuning of PID Controller for Unstable Systems Using Evolutionary Algorithm 