Tuning and Retuning of PID Controller for Unstable Systems Using Evolutionary Algorithm

Table 1

Classical and optimally tuned PID parameters for Process 1.

Method	𝐾𝑝	𝐾𝑖	𝐾𝑑
HC	0.565	0.046025	0.34352
SC	0.548	0.049294	0.56115
Visioli	0.624	0.054021	0.72446
PSO PID	0.5338	0.0307	0.4931
PIDr1	0.5338	0.0211	0.4931
PIDr2	0.5338	0.0379	0.4931