Subclinical Cardiac Dysfunction in Children with Coeliac Disease: Is the Gluten-Free Diet Effective?

Table 2

Conventional echocardiography indices of groups.

	Group 1 EmA (+) (𝑛: 26)	Group 2 EmA (−) (𝑛: 49)	Control 𝑛=30	𝑃
IVSS	10.0 ± 2.60^b	9.5 ± 2.14^d	6.8 ± 0.35^b,d	<0.0001
IVSD	7.1 ± 1.19	7.9 ± 1.37	7.2 ± 0.23	0.402
LVEDD	33.4 ± 7.93^b	33.7 ± 8.98^d	28.9 ± 0.66^b,d	<0.0001
LVEDS	21.6 ± 3.83	22.4 ± 3.84	20.1 ± 0.88	0.118
FS	31.5 ± 5.29	33.2 ± 7.39	31.7 ± 0.87	0.317
EF	63.4 ± 8.08	65.0 ± 7.92	64.3 ± 1.34	0.727
MV E	1.0 ± 0.14^b	1.0 ± 0.16^d	1.7 ± 0.05^b,d	<0.0001
MV A	0.6 ± 0.16^b	0.6 ± 0.17^d	0.4 ± 0.04^b,d	<0.0001
MV E/A	1.8 ± 0.38^b	1.7 ± 0.43^d	1.0 ± 0.07^b,d	<0.0001
LV IVRT	108.9 ± 35.46^a	98.6 ± 29.65	85.8 ± 8.31^a	0.001
LV IVCT	86.0 ± 22.98	76.2 ± 21.45	78.8 ± 4.57	0.464
TV E	0.7 ± 0.12^b	0.7 ± 0.17^d	0.5 ± 0.04^b,d	<0.0001
TV A	0.6 ± 0.15	0.5 ± 0.16	0.5 ± 0.05	0.716
TV E/A	1.2 ± 0.32^b	1.4 ± 0.42^d	0.8 ± 0.15^b,d	<0.0001
RV IVRT	92.1 ± 29.21^b	86.9 ± 31.79^d	59.0 ± 6.57^b,d	<0.0001
RV IVCT	78.5 ± 28.13^a	74.5 ± 25.41^c	65.9 ± 1.39^a,c	0.019

^aGroup 1 and control group statistically significant (𝑃<0.05).
^bGroup 1 and control group statistically significant (𝑃<0.001).
^cGroup 2 and control group statistically significant (𝑃<0.05).
^dGroup 2 and control group statistically significant (𝑃<0.001).
EF: ejection fraction, FS: fractional shortening, IVSD: interventricular septal diastolic dimension, IVSS: interventricular septal systolic dimension, IVRT: isovolumic relaxation time, IVCT: isovolumic contraction time, LV: left ventricle, LVEDD: left ventricle end diastolic diameter, LVEDS: left ventricle end systolic diameter, MV E: mitral valve early diastolic velocity, MV A: mitral valve late diastolic velocity, RV: right ventricle, TV E: tricuspid valve early diastolic velocity, TV A: tricuspid valve late diastolic velocity.