Predictors of Metabolic Syndrome in Participants of a Cardiac Rehabilitation Program
Table 1
Baseline comparison of demographics and cardiovascular risk factors between “Never MetS”, “Always MetS”, “MetS new onset” and “MetS resolution” groups.
Risk factors at baseline
Mean and SD and counts and percentages
Overall P value
Multiple comparisons
Never MetS ()
Always MetS ()
MetS resolution ()
New onset MetS ()
Age (years)
0.295
—
Sex (male)
98 (81%)
41 (79%)
24 (86%)
29 (88%)
0.689
—
Family history of CVD
40 (33%)
16 (31%)
7 (25%)
15 (45%)
0.360
—
Coronary artery bypass surgery
45 (37%)
20 (38%)
8 (29%)
10 (30%)
0.723
—
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angiogram
47 (39%)
14 (27%)
12 (43%)
13 (39%)
0.401
—
Diabetes
8 (6%)
20 (38%)
9 (32%)
7 (21%)
<0.001
<0.001
()
()
Previous myocardial infarction
62 (51%)
24 (46%)
12 (43%)
23 (69%)
0.121
—
TC (mmol/L)
0.282
—
LDL-C (mmol/ L)
0.582
—
HDL-C (mmol/ L)
<0.001
<0.001 ()
0.024 ()
Triglycerides (mmol/ L)
<0.001
<0.001 ()
<0.001 ()
Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L)
<0.001
<0.001 ()
Systolic BP (mmHg)
0.024
0.020 ()
Diastolic BP (mmHg)
0.154
—
Body mass index (kg/m²)
<0.001
<0.001
()
<0.002 ()
Waist circumference (cm)
<0.001
<0.001
()
0.013 ()
Exercise capacity (METS)
0.109
—
Leisure time physical activity (kcal/week)
0.894
—
Perceived stress
0.512
—
Illness intrusiveness
0.020
0.040 ()
Health-specific self-efficacy
0.064
—
Exercise self-efficacy
0.080
—
CVD: cardiovascular disease, TC: total cholesterol, LDL-C: low density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. One-way ANOVA and Pearson’s chi square for continuous and categorical variables, respectively. Multiple comparisons were assessed with the Tukey correction. Multiple comparisons: 0: Never MetS, 1: Always MetS, 2: MetS resolution, 3: New onset MetS. Note: means that Never MetS is significantly different with Always MetS group.