Predictors of Metabolic Syndrome in Participants of a Cardiac Rehabilitation Program

Table 2

CVD risk factors at baseline and at 48 months for “Never MetS,” “Always MetS,” “MetS new onset” and “MetS resolution” groups.

CVD risk factors	Never MetS (𝑛=121)		Always MetS (𝑛=52)		MetS resolution (𝑛=28)		New Onset MetS (𝑛=33)
	Baseline	48 months	Baseline	48 months	Baseline	48 months	Baseline	48 months
TC (mmol/L)	4.39±0.90	4.32±0.90	4.67±0.99	4.40±0.95^‡	4.43±0.73	4.07±0.77^‡	4.51±0.74	4.55±0.83
LDL-C (mmol/L)	2.52±0.74	2.48±0.76	2.57±0.80	2.41±0.69	2.45±0.59	2.29±0.66	2.71±0.62	2.64±0.71
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.24±0.30	1.30±0.36^†	0.99±0.22	0.98±0.21	1.01±0.20	1.18±0.26^†	1.17±0.28	1.09±0.27^x
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	1.32±0.67	1.18±0.60^‡	2.37±0.85	2.34±2.20	2.16±1.11	1.30±0.50^∗	1.38±0.51	1.79±0.84^†
Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L)	5.3±1.6	5.3±0.8	6.33±1.42	6.67±1.47	5.9±1.2	5.6±0.7	5.7±1.2	6.2±1.4
Systolic BP (mmHg)	126±21	127±21	134±17	134±17	130±27	122±17	120±14	131±14^†
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	71±10	74±12^†	75±10	77±9	72±13	71±9	73±10	79±10^†
Body mass index (kg/m²)	25.4±2.9	25.6±3.5	30.4±4.2	30.7±4.5	28.6±3.8	28.3±4.5	27.6±3.0	29.1±3.7^∗
Waist circumference (cm)	86.7±8.9	88.6±10.9^∗	102.4±11.5	104.7±12.8^‡	99.8±11.1	99.0±12.2	95.6±9.1	100.9±10.9^∗
Exercise capacity (METs)	10.6±2.4	10.0±2.7^†	9.5±2.1	8.9±2.3^†	14.8±22.5	17.4±36.8	10.6±2.3	10.1±2.4^‡
Leisure time physical activity (kcal/week)	2985±2225	2230±1828^∗	2773±1616	2247±2104^‡	3066±1538	1786±1042^†	2784±19778	2198±3011
Perceived stress	32±7	32±8	32±8	31±8	34±9	33±10	33±6	31±5
Illness intrusiveness	27±11	24±11^‡	33±14	30±14	35±19	31±16	28±15	27±15
Health-specific self-efficacy	43±4	43±4	42±4	42±4	42±5	42±4	41±4	40±4
Exercise self-efficacy	67±12	64±14	70±10	63±15^∗	65±11	58±16	64±13	58±14^‡

^∗𝑃≤0.001.
^†𝑃≤0.01.
^‡𝑃≤0.05.
Paired sample t-tests.
Total cholesterol, LDL-C: low density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C: high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and BP: blood pressure.