Impact of Salmonella enterica Type III Secretion System Effectors on the Eukaryotic Host Cell
Figure 5
Salmonella-induced host cell death. (a) Salmonella induces apoptosis in epithelial cells 12–18 h postinfection (p.i.). Effectors AvrA and SopB (secreted through T3SS1), SpvB (secreted through T3SS2), and SlrP (secreted through T3SS1 and T3SS2) have been suggested to be involved in this process through different mechanisms. Ub: ubiquitin. (b) Salmonella expressing T3SS1 induces rapid pyroptosis in macrophages. Pyroptosis is a proinflammatory form of programmed cell death that depends on caspase-1 activation. The T3SS1 effector SopB, the T3SS1 rod protein PrgJ, and flagellin secreted through T3SS1 are involved in the induction of rapid pyroptosis. (c) Noninvasive Salmonella induces delayed pyroptosis in infected macrophages. T3SS2 effectors, SpvB and SseL, and flagellin are involved in this form of cell death.
