Project SUCCESS: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial

Table 2

University campus-based smoking cessation intervention—participants at baseline.

	Baseline
Study group	Total^*		SC^1		EI^2
Variable	n	%	n	%	n	%	P value^3
	509	231	45.3	278	54.6
Demographics
Age (mean, SD)	23.8 (4.0)		24.0 (4.3)		23.6 (3.8)		.2
Gender							.7
Female	241	47.3	107	46.3	134	48.2
Male	268	52.7	124	53.7	144	51.8
Ethnicity							.7
Spanish/Hispanic	56	11.0	27	11.0	29	10.4
Not Spanish/Hispanic	452	89.0	204	89.0	248	89.2
Racial background							.7
Asian	106	20.8	54	23.4	52	18.8
Black	32	6.3	15	6.5	17	6.1
White	359	70.5	157	68.0	202	72.7
Other	12	2.3	5	3.2	6	2.1
Alcohol consumption							.4
Heavily and or frequently	91	17.9	36	15.6	55	19.8
Moderately or rarely	362	71.1	167	72.3	195	70.1
None	47	9.2	25	10.8	22	7.9
Rather not answer	9	1.8	3	1.3	6	2.2
Depressive symptoms (CES-D)							.4
Low	255	50.1	111	48.0	144	51.8
High	254	49.9	120	51.9	134	48.2
Smoking-related characteristics
Stage of change for cessation							.8
Preparation	268	52.6	125	54.1	143	51.4
Contemplation	210	41.2	92	39.8	118	42.4
Precontemplation	31	6.1	14	6.1	17	6.1
Nicotine dependence (FTND)							.6
Very low	208	41.1	90	39.3	118	42.6
Low	140	27.7	59	25.8	81	29.2
Medium	50	9.9	25	10.9	25	9.0
High	69	13.6	34	14.8	35	12.6
Very high	39	7.7	21	9.2	18	6.5
Cigarettes per day							.04
1–5	115	22.6	53	22.9	62	22.3
6–10	158	31.0	59	25.5	99	35.6
11–15	91	17.9	45	19.5	46	16.5
16–20	97	19.1	46	19.9	51	18.3
21–30	40	7.9	21	9.1	19	6.8
31+	8	1.6	7	3.0	1	.4
History of cigarette smoking							.6
Less than 6 mo	14	2.8	4	1.7	10	3.6
6–12 mo	43	8.4	19	8.2	24	8.6
1–5 years	188	36.9	84	36.4	104	37.4
5 years or greater	264	51.9	124	53.7	140	50.4

^*“Total” pertains to the total sample. ¹SC: standard Care. ²EI: enhanced intervention. ³P value reflects significance of comparisons between conditions (SC versus EI). Percentages for each variable may not add up to 100 because of missing data.