|
Generic | Half-life | Excretion | Pregnancy and lactation | Interactions with food, herbs, smoking |
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Alprazolam | 11.2 h | Renal | Pregnancy class D Enters breast milk | Smoking and St. John’s Wort may decrease levels |
Amitriptyline | 9–27 h | Renal | Pregnancy class C Enters breast milk | Grapefruit juice may inhibit metabolism; St. John’s wort may decrease levels |
Chloral hydrate | 8–11 h | Hepatic | Pregnancy class C Enters breast milk | |
Clonazepam | 19–50 h | Hepatic | Pregnancy class D Enters breast milk | St. John’s Wort may decrease levels |
Diazepam | 20–50 h | Hepatic | Pregnancy class D Enters breast milk | Food and grapefruit juice may increase levels; St. John’s Wort may decrease levels |
Dihenphydramine | 2–10 h | Renal | Pregnancy class B Enters breast milk | |
Doxepin | 15 h | Hepatic | Pregnancy class C Enters breast milk | High-fat meal increases bioavailability but delays peak level timing |
Estazolam | 10–24 h | Hepatic | Pregnancy class X breast milk: unknown | Grapefruit juice may increase serum levels |
Eszopiclone | 6 h | Hepatic | Pregnancy class C breast milk: unknown | Large meals may delay absorption |
Flurazepam | 2.3 h | Hepatic | Pregnancy unclassified breast milk: unknown | Grapefruit juice may increase serum levels |
Lorazepam | 12.9 h | Hepatic | Pregnancy class D Enters breast milk | |
Mirtazepine | 20–40 h | Hepatic | Pregnancy class C Enters breast milk | St. John’s Wort may decrease levels |
Nefazodone | 2–4 h | Hepatic | Pregnancy class C Enters breast milk | Food decreases availability |
Nortriptyline | 28–31 h | Renal | Pregnancy unclassified Enters breast milk | |
Oxazepam | 3–6 h | Renal | Pregnancy unclassified breast milk: unknown | |
Quetiapine | 6-7 h | Hepatic | Pregnancy class C Enters breast milk | Food increases absorption rate; St. John’s Wort may decrease levels |
Ramelteon | 1–2.6 h | Hepatic | Pregnancy class C breast milk: unknown | |
Temazepam | 9–12 h | Hepatic | Pregnancy class X Enters breast milk | Grapefruit juice may increase levels; St. John’s Wort may decrease levels |
Trazodone | 7–10 h | Hepatic | Pregnancy class C Enters breast milk | Food increases absorption rate |
Triazolam | 1.5–6 h | Renal | Pregnancy class X breast milk: unknown | Grapefruit juice may increase levels; St. John’s Wort may decrease levels |
Zaleplon | 1 h | Hepatic | Pregnancy class C Enters breast milk | St. John’s Wort may decrease levels |
Zolpidem | 2.5–3 h | Hepatic | Pregnancy class C Enters breast milk | Food and St. John’s Wort decrease availability; grapefruit juice may decrease metabolism |
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