Clinical Pharmacology in Sleep Medicine

Table 2

Stimulant characteristics.

Generic	Half life	Excretion	Pregnancy and lactation	Interactions with food, herbs, smoking
Caffeine	5 hr	Hepatic	Pregnancy class C; Enters breast bilk
Dexmethylphenidate	2–4.5 hr	Hepatic	Pregnancy class C; breast milk: unknown	High-fat foods may increase absorption rate
Dextroamphetamine	10–13 hr	Renal	Pregnancy class C; Enters breast milk	Absorption may be altered by acidic foods, juices, and vitamin C
Dextroamphetamine and amphetamine	10–13 hr	Renal	Pregnancy class C; Enters breast milk	Absorption may be altered by acidic foods, juices, and vitamin C
Lisdexamfetamine	10–13 hr^*	Hepatic	Pregnancy class C; Enters breast milk	High-fat foods may increase absorption rate
Methylphenidate	3-4 hr	Renal	Pregnancy class C; Enters breast milk	Food delays absorption; high-fat meals increase Metadate AUC
Modafinil	15 hr	Hepatic	Pregnancy class C; breast milk: unknown