Review Article
Clinical Pharmacology in Sleep Medicine
Table 2
Stimulant characteristics.
| Generic | Half life | Excretion | Pregnancy and lactation | Interactions with food, herbs, smoking |
| Caffeine | 5 hr | Hepatic | Pregnancy class C Enters breast bilk | | Dexmethylphenidate | 2–4.5 hr | Hepatic | Pregnancy class C breast milk: unknown | High-fat foods may increase absorption rate | Dextroamphetamine | 10–13 hr | Renal | Pregnancy class C Enters breast milk | Absorption may be altered by acidic foods, juices, and vitamin C | Dextroamphetamine and amphetamine | 10–13 hr | Renal | Pregnancy class C Enters breast milk | Absorption may be altered by acidic foods, juices, and vitamin C | Lisdexamfetamine | 10–13 hr* | Hepatic | Pregnancy class C Enters breast milk | High-fat foods may increase absorption rate | Methylphenidate | 3-4 hr | Renal | Pregnancy class C Enters breast milk | Food delays absorption; high-fat meals increase Metadate AUC | Modafinil | 15 hr | Hepatic | Pregnancy class C breast milk: unknown | |
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