Urinary Bisphenol A Levels and Measures of Obesity: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2008

Table 2

Association between urinary bisphenol A and obesity (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m²).

Bisphenol A quartiles (ng/mL)	Sample size (obesity %)	Age, sex-adjusted OR (95% CI)^*	Multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CI)^*†
Whole Population
Quartile 1 (<1.10)	1121 (26.2)	1 (referent)	1 (referent)
Quartile 2 (1.10–2.10)	905 (33.6)	1.46 (1.18–1.80)	1.40 (1.10–1.76)
Quartile 3 (2.11–4.20)	977 (36.3)	1.67 (1.31–2.12)	1.59 (1.25–2.02)
Quartile 4 (>4.20)	964 (38.1)	1.81 (1.41–2.33)	1.69 (1.30–2.20)
P-trend		<0.0001	<0.0001
Men
Quartile 1 (<1.10)	460 (27.8)	1 (referent)	1 (referent)
Quartile 2 (1.10–2.10)	455 (33.4)	1.33 (1.00–1.77)	1.32 (0.95–1.82)
Quartile 3 (2.11–4.20)	489 (36.8)	1.59 (1.08–2.34)	1.56 (1.04–2.34)
Quartile 4 (>4.20)	475 (34.8)	1.47 (1.06–2.03)	1.45 (1.04–2.02)
P-trend		0.02	0.03
Women
Quartile 1 (<1.10)	661 (25.1)	1 (referent)	1 (referent)
Quartile 2 (1.10–2.10)	450 (33.8)	1.54 (1.10–2.15)	1.43 (1.01–2.03)
Quartile 3 (2.11–4.20)	488 (35.8)	1.67 (1.26–2.26)	1.59 (1.16–2.18)
Quartile 4 (>4.20)	489 (41.7)	2.17 (1.56–3.03)	1.93 (1.35–2.74)
P-trend		<0.0001	0.0001
Non-Hispanic whites
Quartile 1 (<1.10)	603 (25.7)	1 (referent)	1 (referent)
Quartile 2 (1.10–2.10)	443 (33.5)	1.45 (1.09–1.94)	1.38 (0.99–1.89)
Quartile 3 (2.11–4.20)	473 (35.1)	1.56 (1.14–2.19)	1.46 (1.04–2.05)
Quartile 4 (>4.20)	425 (36.3)	1.68 (1.20–2.36)	1.52 (1.05–2.18)
P-trend		0.002	0.02
Non-Hispanic blacks
Quartile 1 (<1.10)	149 (39.9)	1 (referent)	1 (referent)
Quartile 2 (1.10–2.10)	152 (43.4)	1.31 (0.77–2.22)	1.35 (0.78–2.32)
Quartile 3 (2.11–4.20)	227 (49.3)	1.59 (1.02–2.48)	1.78 (1.07–2.97)
Quartile 4 (>4.20)	270 (47.7)	1.48 (1.00–2.23)	1.60 (1.02–2.51)
P-trend		0.05	0.03
Mexican Americans and others
Quartile 1 (<1.10)	369 (23.4)	1 (referent)	1 (referent)
Quartile 2 (1.10–2.10)	310 (30.3)	1.48 (0.98–2.22)	1.44 (0.94–2.19)
Quartile 3 (2.11–4.20)	277 (32.1)	1.64 (1.12–2.39)	1.59 (1.12–2.27)
Quartile 4 (>4.20)	269 (36.2)	2.01 (1.26–3.20)	1.97 (1.24–3.12)
P-trend		0.002	0.002

^*OR (95% CI): Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval)
^†Adjusted for age (years), gender (male, female), race ethnicity (non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, Mexican Americans, and others), education categories (below high school, high school, above high school), smoking (never, former, current), alcohol intake (nondrinker, moderate drinker, heavy drinker), physical inactivity (absent, present), diabetes (absent, present), hypertension (absent, present), and total cholesterol (mg/dL).