Elder Chinese Martial Art Practitioners Have Higher Radial Bone Strength, Hand-Grip Strength, and Better Standing Balance Control

Table 2

Between-group comparison of radial bone strength, hand-grip strength, and balance control.

	VT group (mean ± SD) (𝑛=16)	Control group (mean ± SD) (𝑛=17)	P value	Effect size
Bone strength of distal radius (SOS T-score)
Dominant side	−0.6±0.8^†	−1.3±0.8	0.015*	0.176
Nondominant side	−1.0±1.0	−1.6±1.0	0.093	0.088
Hand-grip strength
Dominant side, kg	42.1±7.0^†	37.1±6.0	0.034*	0.136
Nondominant side, kg	39.7±4.5	35.7±5.2	0.026*	0.149
Sensory organization test
Condition 1 ES	94.9±1.3	92.5±4.1	0.037*	0.137
Condition 2 ES	91.4±4.2	91.9±2.3	0.703	0.005
Condition 3 ES	92.0±3.5	89.4±4.9	0.083	0.097
Condition 4 ES	81.9±8.1	75.9±9.8	0.067	0.107
Condition 5 ES	62.6±12.8	53.9±16.8	0.108	0.084
Condition 6 ES	68.7±10.7	54.7±14.2	0.004*	0.247
Composite ES	78.7±5.4	71.7±7.5	0.005*	0.233

∗Denotes a significant between-group difference (𝑃<0.05).
†Denotes a difference significant at 𝑃<0.05 when compared to the nondominant side.