Linen Most Useful: Perspectives on Structure, Chemistry, and Enzymes for Retting Flax

Table 10

Properties of mature Ariane flax fiber enzyme retted with various commercial products.

Retting formulation^1	Fine fiber; yield (%)^2	Strength; (g/tex)^3	Fineness; (SSI)^4	Predicted shive (%)^5
2.0% Texazym BFE + M	7.0 ± 1.2^a	36.7 ± 1.5^ab	4.7 ± 0.1^ab	2.7 ± 0.8^bc
5.0% Texazym BFE	7.2 ± 0.6^a	34.6 ± 2.0^b	4.3 ± 0.3^bcd	3.3 ± 0.3^b
0.2% Multifect Pectinase + M	2.2 ± 0.2^c	17.8 ± 2.2^d	4.1 ± 0.1^bcde	1.2 ± 0.7^c
0.1% Bioprep	6.0 ± 1.1^ab	33.2 ± 2.4^bc	3.8 ± 0.1^cde	4.1 ± 0.2^b
0.1% Bioprep + M	7.7 ± 1.4^a	34.9 ± 2.0^b	3.0 ± 0.6^f	3.7 ± 1.0^b
0.1% Bioprep + Barapon + Clavodene	5.7 ± 1.3^ab	34.8 ± 4.8^b	3.6 ± 0.4^ef	3.2 ± 1.1^bc
0.05% Viscozyme + M	5.2 ± 2.3^ab	27.6 ± 3.8^c	3.6 ± 0.7^def	2.9 ± 2.1^bc
Untreated	3.2 ± 1.5^bc	42.0 ± 5.5^a	5.0 ± 0^a	6.2 ± 1.0^a

¹Texazyme BFE from Inotex Ltd., Dvűr Královi, Czech Republic; Multifect Pectinase FE is from Genencor International, Inc., Rochester, NY; Bioprep and Viscozyme L from Novozymes North America, Inc., Franklinton, NC; M is Mayoquest 200 used to provide 18 mM EDTA as chelator.
B + C is Barapon C-108, an amino polycarboxylic acid salt mixture, and Clavodene CIU, a mixture of surfactants (Dexter Chemical L.L.C., Bronx, NY) recommended in cotton scouring. Enzymes and chemicals are used as provided by suppliers and under optimal conditions for activity.
²Percent of fiber after passing cleaned fiber through the Shirley Analyzer flax stem. ³Modified method ASTM D1445-95, 1999. ⁴ASTM D7025-04a, 2005. ⁵ASTM D7076-05, 2005.
^a,b,c,d,e,fValues followed by different letters differ at 𝑃≤0.05.
Data modified from [34].