(i) Significant difference in time to achieve target MAP and decreased HR () (ii) Better visualization and bloodless in intravenous-based group (VAS; ; Six-point scale; )
Numeric rating scales: (in patient with high LM score)
N/A
Significant better visualization in the high LM score patients in the intravenous based-group (blood loss ; numeric rating scale ); however, no significant difference in patient low LM score
Intravenous based:
Pro/Rem
N/A
N/A
19 mL/h (in patient with high LM score)
Numeric rating scales: (in patient with high LM score)
Mean mL/min VAS of bleeding impending surgical progress 3.7 (1.9–8.4)
VAS 4.6 (3.0–7.8)
More impairment of platelet function in intravenous-based group ()
No significant difference in all parameters () Although test of platelet function showed more impairment in intravenous-based group, but it is not relevant to clinical practice
Intravenous based:
Pro/Fen
Mean mL/min VAS of bleeding impending surgical progress 4.3 (2.4–7.8)
Significant decreased HR and better visualization in the intravenous based group ; however, these results should be carefully interpreted due to using different opioids.
Intravenous based:
Pro/Rem
65 (61–69) mmHg
55 (51–64)
Estimated blood loss 100 (50–240) mL
VAS 2.8 (2.0–3.4) Six-point scale 1 (1-2)
N/A
Values are presented as mean ± SD or mean/medians (range); Iso: isoflurane; Sevo: sevoflurane; Des: desflurane; Pro: propofol; Fen: fentanyl; Rem: remifentanil; Esm: esmolol; Alf: alfentanil; VAS: visual analogue score; MAP: mean arterial pressure; HR: heart rate; LM: Lund-Mackay score; N/A: not available; P: value.