Development and Environmental Applications of Activated Carbon Cloths

Table 3

Some selected studies involving activated carbon cloths for removal of gaseous pollutants.

Sample	ACC characteristics	Pollutant species	Adsorption assays	Reference
Commercial phenolic novolac resin-based ACC; ACC-5092-20; American Kynol Inc.	𝐴BET = 1604 m^2 g^−1; 𝑉𝑚 = 0.726 cm^3 g^−1	Acetone,; benzene	Gravimetric method; 𝑇 = 20–60°C; 𝑃 = 101 kPa; Acetone: 𝐶0 = 0–196000 ppmv; Benzene: 𝐶0 = 0–94000 ppmv	[170]
Commercial rayon-based ACC WWP3, WWP3-V,; VS15 Actitex	WWP3: 𝐴BET = 976 m^2 g^−1; 𝑉𝑚 = 0.335 cm^3 g^−1; 𝑉𝑀 = 0.024 cm^3 g^−1; pHPZC = 9.23; WWP3-V: 𝐴BET = 871 m^2 g^−1; 𝑉𝑚 = 0.171 cm^3 g^−1; 𝑉𝑀 = 0.303 cm^3 g^−1; pHPZC = 9.52; VS15: 𝐴BET = 1480 m^2 g^−1; 𝑉𝑚 = 0.665 cm^3 g^−1; 𝑉𝑀 = 0.025 cm^3 g^−1; pHPZC = 8.65	H2S	Batch unit; 𝑇 = 25°C; 𝐶0 = n.a.; Atmospheres: N2, dry air, and humid air (RH = 30%)	[171]
Commercial viscose rayon-based ACC; WKL 20 Actitex	As-received ACC: 𝐴BET = 784 m^2 g^−1; 𝑉𝑚 = 0.317 cm^3 g^−1; 𝑉𝑀 = 0.036 cm^3 g^−1; 𝐿0 = 0.91 nm; ACC treated with ammonia/air at 300°C and further pyrolyzed at 600°C: 𝐴BET = 880 m^2 g^−1; 𝑉𝑚 = 0.351 cm^3 g^−1; 𝑉𝑀 = 0.038 cm^3 g^−1; 𝐿0 = 1.07 nm; ACC treated with ammonia/steam at 800°C: 𝐴BET = 1185 m^2 g^−1; 𝑉𝑚 = 0.472 cm^3 g^−1; 𝑉𝑀 = 0.046 cm^3 g^−1; 𝐿0 = 1.24 nm	H2S, SO2	Fixed bed, dynamic conditions; 𝑇 = 25°C; 𝐶0 (H2S) = 5000 ppmv; 𝐶0 (SO2) = 3000 ppmv	[172, 173]
Commercial ACC; ACC-5092-15; American Technical Trading, Inc.	𝐴BET = 1262 m^2 g^−1; 𝑉𝑇 = 0.64 cm^3 g^−1; 𝑉𝑚 = 0.62 cm^3 g^−1; 𝐿0 = 0.77 nm	n-butane, HCN, SO2	Gravimetric method; 𝑇 = 25°C	[174]
Commercial ACC; ACC-5092-20; American Kynol	𝐴BET = 1604 m^2 g^−1; 𝑉𝑇 = 0.803 cm^3 g^−1; 𝑉𝑚 = 0.746 cm^3 g^−1;	Methyl-ethyl ketone	Electrothermal swing adsorption; Adsorber vessel (125 mm O.D.) with ACC rolled into 4 hollow cylinders (19 mm I.D., 200 mm length); 𝐶0 = 250–1000 ppmv; Flow rate = 25–60 L min^−1	[175]
Commercial PAN-based ACC; AW1108 Taicarbon Inc.	As-received: 𝐴BET = 1100 m^2 g^−1; Thermally posttreated at different temperatures: ACC (𝑇 = 600°C): 𝐴BET = 1100 m^2 g^−1; ACC (𝑇 = 850°C): 𝐴BET = 1209 m^2 g^−1; ACC (𝑇 = 1100°C): 𝐴BET = 1227 m^2 g^−1	Benzene, Cl4C	Gravimetric method; Single component; 𝑇 = 25°C; 𝐶0 (C6H6) = 5000 ppmv; 𝐶0 (Cl4C) = 8500 ppmv	[176]
Lab-prepared lyocell (Tencel)-based; ACC by H3PO4 activation at different temperatures	ACC (𝑇 = 864°C, 10 wt% acid conc.): 𝐴BET = 1229 m^2 g^−1; 𝑉𝑇 = 0.52 cm^3 g^−1; 𝑉𝑚 = 0.48 cm^3 g^−1; 𝐿0 = 0.84 nm; ACC (𝑇 = 963°C, 10 wt% acid conc.): 𝐴BET = 1705 m^2 g^−1; 𝑉𝑇 = 0.67 cm^3 g^−1; 𝑉𝑚 = 0.64 cm^3 g^−1; 𝐿0 = 1.09 nm	n-hexane,; Benzene,; Toluene	Gravimetric method; Single component; 𝑇 = 25°C; 𝐶0 (C6H14) = 0–173000 ppmv; 𝐶0 (C6H6) = 0–112000 ppmv; 𝐶0 (C7H8) = 0–33000 ppmv	[177]
Commercial rayon-based ACC; Zorflex Woven ACC; FM 10	𝐴BET = 1084 m^2 g^−1; 𝑉𝑇 = 0.41 cm^3 g^−1; 𝑉𝑚 = 0.48 cm^3 g^−1; minimum pore diameter = 0.53 nm; Total basic groups = 0.79 µeq m^−2; Total acidic groups = 0.83 µeq m^−2	Formaldehyde	Gravimetric method; 𝑇 = 26°C; 𝐶0 = 0–32.5 ppmv	[178]

𝐴_BET: BET surface area; 𝑉_𝑇: total pore volume; 𝑉_𝑀: mesopore volume; 𝑉_𝑚: micropore volume; 𝐿₀: mean micropore width; pH_PZC: pH at the point of zero charge; 𝐶₀: initial concentration.