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Term | Definition | Recent sources |
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Epistemology | The study of knowledge and beliefs about knowledge | Audi, 2003 [60]; Hofer [41] Feldman, 2003 [1]; Rescher, 2003 [5] |
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Epistemological beliefs | Specific belief about some aspect of knowledge that is part of a broader epistemology (e.g., origin of knowledge) |
Hofer [41] Schommer, 1990 [19] |
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Epistemological world views | A set of beliefs or theory about knowledge, acquisition of knowledge, and knowledge justification | Lincoln and Guba, 2000 [6]; Mertens, 2005 [4]; Schraw and Olafson, 2002 [29] |
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Ontology | The study of the nature of reality and being | Mertens, 2005 [4]; Packer and Goicoechea, 2000 [39]; Merricks, 2007 [7] |
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Ontological beliefs | A specific belief about some aspect of reality (e.g., realism) | Lincoln and Guba, 2000 [6]; Merricks, 2007 [7]; Shadish et al., 2002 [9] |
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Ontological world views | A set of beliefs or theory about reality or being (e.g., social constructivism) | Lincoln and Guba, 2000 [6]; Mertens, 2005 [4]; Ponterotto, 2005 [8] |
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Realism | The view that all individuals share a common knowledge base and experience a similar reality | Cunningham and Fitzgerald, 1996 [61]; Feldman, 2003 [1]; Rescher, 2003 [5] |
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Contextualism | The view that knowledge is constructed base and that individuals experience a negotiated, consensual reality within a specific context | Cunningham and Fitzgerald, 1996 [61]; Feldman, 2003 [1]; Rescher, 2003 [5] |
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Relativism | The view that individuals construct a unique knowledge base and experience a unique reality even within a shared context | Cunningham and Fitzgerald, 1996 [61]; Feldman, 2003 [1]; Rescher, 2003 [5] |
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