Likely Additive Ergogenic Effects of Combined Preexercise Dietary Nitrate and Caffeine Ingestion in Trained Cyclists

Table 3

Cardiorespiratory and metabolic parameters during 80% V̇O₂max exercise.

	PLA	PLA+C	BR	BR+C
HR (bpm)	180±7	168±49	178±9	181±7
V̇O2 (L/min)	4.0±0.4	4.0±0.4	3.8±0.5	4.0±0.4
V̇CO2 (L/min)	3.8±0.3	3.8±0.5	3.8±0.5	3.8±0.4
Carbohydrate oxidation (g/min)	4.37±1.18	4.21±1.31	4.60±1.06	4.24±1.36
Fat oxidation (g/min)	0.23±0.54	0.29±0.45	0.06±0.33	0.27±0.56
RER	0.97±0.08	0.95±0.07	0.99±0.05	0.96±0.08

Data are expressed as mean ± SD. HR: mean heart rate; V̇O₂: mean oxygen uptake; V̇CO₂: mean carbon dioxide production; RER: respiratory exchange ratio. PLA: placebo; PLA+C: placebo plus caffeine; BR: beetroot; BR+C: beetroot plus caffeine.