Spatial Dimensions of Economic Growth in Brazil

Table 1

Spatial scales in Brazil (areas and distances to ensure connectivity).

Spatial Scales	States (𝑛=27)	Meso-regions (𝑛=134)	Micro-regions (𝑛=522)	MCAs* (𝑛=3,657)
	Area (in kilometres^2)
Mean	312,994.0	63,065.9	16,189.3	2,310.9
Minimum	5,771.0	2,937.0	190.0	8.0
Maximum	1,558,987.0	650,338.0	439,498.0	367,284.0
Std. dev.	372,070.2	103,804.4	42,082.8	14,157.4
	Minimum distance between centroids** to ensure connectivity for all regions (in kilometres)
	786.5	571.5	520.9	401.5
Cut-off	Average number of neighbouring regions using alternative 𝑊 matrices
Queen	3.8	5.1	5.6	5.9
400 km	—	—	—	520.4
500 km	—	—	84.3	707.4
600 km	—	21.7	101.8	894.5
700 km	—	26.8	123.6	1,080.9
800 km	4.4	31.9	145.6	1,267.3
900 km	5.0	37.3	167.1	1,444.2
1,000 km	6.2	42.6	188.5	1,611.6
1,500 km	10.4	67.1	283.7	2,274.7
2,000 km	15.7	90.9	377.6	2,916.5

Note: own elaboration from data of IBGE. *Minimum comparable areas (MCAs). **The centroids were calculated using the GeoDa software. In the menu option of GeoDa, centroids are central points. Central points are the average of the 𝑥 and 𝑦 coordinates of a polygon’s vertices.