Blood Pressure Variability: Prognostic Value and Therapeutic Implications

Table 1

Classification of blood pressure variability and its clinical implication.

Type of BPV	Time range	Measurement equipment or devices	Clinical implications
Ultrashort-term (very low frequency, low frequency and high frequency BPV)	Beat-to-beat variation	Direct continuous intra-arterial recordings coupled to spectral analysis	Estimation of neurohumoral systems involved in blood pressure regulation [8]
Short-term	Minutes-to-hours	Direct continuous intra-arterial recordings, ABPM	Increased variability in daytime, nighttime, and whole 24 h period associated with increased TOD [4]
Long-term	day-to-day, visit-to-visit	Office blood pressure, ABPM, home blood pressure monitoring	Large visit-to-visit BPV independently associated with increased incidence of stroke [9, 10]

ABPM: ambulatory blood pressure measurement; BPV: blood pressure variability.