Hypertensive Patients and Their Management in Dentistry

Table 4

Mechanisms implicated in essential hypertension and antihypertensive medication classes targeting these mechanisms [4].

Mechanism	Medication targeting the mechanism	Examples
Volume overload	Diuretics; Dihydropyridine CCBs	Hydrochlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Metolazone,; Furosemide, Torsemide; Amlodipine, Nifedipine
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system	ACEIs; ARBs; 𝛽-blockers; Direct renin inhibitors; Aldosterone receptor blockers	Lisinopril, Captopril; Losartan, Valsartan; Metoprolol, Carvedilol; Aliskiren; Spironolactone, Eplerenone
Sympathetic nervous system	Central 𝛼-blockers; Peripheral 𝛼-blockers; 𝛽-blockers; Nondihydropyridine CCBs; Vasodilators	Clonidine; Tamsulosin, Terazosin; Metoprolol, Carvedilol; Verapamil, Diltiazem; Minoxidil, Hydralazine, Nitrates

ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin II receptor blocker; CCB: calcium-channel blocker.
Data from [2].