Children’s Quality of Life in Europe: National Wealth and Familial Socioeconomic Position Explain Variations in Mental Health and Wellbeing—A Multilevel Analysis in 27 EU Countries

Table 3

Regression of KIDSCREEN-10 Index scores on sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors: a multilevel model analysis across countries using random intercepts and random slopes.

	KIDSCREEN-10 score
	Point estimate 𝛽	95% CI	VPC	𝑃 (VPC)	ICC	95% population variation
Intercept	52.26	[51.06–53.45]	0.13	<0.001	0.74	[46.65–57.87]
Intercept on GDP^#	0.09	[0.03–0.15]	—	—	—
Intercept on Gini^#	−0.22	[−0.42–−0.01]	—	—	—
Boy 6–10^##		—
Boy 11–14	−1.65	[−2.09–−1.22]	<0.01	>0.500	0.14	[−2.08–−1.22]
Boy 15–17	−2.80	[−3.30–−2.30]	<0.01	>0.500	0.13	[−3.23–−2.36]
Girl 6–10	0.66	[0.19–1.14]	0.01	>0.500	0.17	[0.13–1.20]
Girl 11–14	−1.56	[−2.09–−1.03]	<0.01	>0.500	0.14	[−2.00–−1.14]
Girl 15–17	−2.47	[−3.22–−1.73]	0.02	0.020	0.43	[−4.28–−0.66]
Occupation high^##a
Occupation medium^b	−0.45	[−0.84–−0.06]	<0.01	>0.500	0.13	[−0.83–−0.05]
Occupation low^c	−1.44	[−2.08–−0.80]	0.01	>0.500	0.14	[−2.13–−0.81]
Education normal^##d
Education low^e	−0.81	[−1.29–−0.32]	0.01	0.238	0.27	[−1.58–0.02]
Male report. parent^##
Female report. parent	−0.60	[−1.06–−0.14]	0.01	0.036	0.40	[−1.67–0.44]

#Regression of random intercept/slope on second level aggregate socioeconomic characteristics; ##reference category.
aProfessional lawyer, medical practitioner, accountant, architect, general and top management, or manager of company.
bOwner of a shop, craftsman, or other.
cFarmer, forester, fisherman, manual worker, or unskilled manual worker.
dFinished full-time education at age 17 years and older.
eFinished full-time education at age below 17 years or never been in full-time education.
𝛽: raw regression coefficient; VPC: variance partitioning coefficient.