Review Article

Sustaining Cavity-Using Species: Patterns of Cavity Use and Implications to Forest Management

Table 2

Characteristics of trees and snags used as denning and roosting sites by mammals, weighted means by species. Data of [25, 55, 59, 60, 123130, 134144, 146, 148150, 152, 153, 162, 203222, 262306].

SpeciesSTaRegb Percent use of substrate typeDiameter (cm dbh)Height (m)
WoodcTreeDeadHWdCone HW Both Ht

Big brown batRoB2710010011.010035.82725.627
Eptisicus fuscus I14599.299.260.137.131.45059.67120.0129
California myotisRoI49100100100048.74128.039
Myotis californicus
Fringed MyotisRoI5162.562.5100043.396.99
Myotis thysanodes C231001001000120.82340.523
Keen's myotisRoC9497.591.550.0095.086
Myotis keeni
Little brown batRoB9797.996.95054.324.11340.63232.94821.733
Myotis lucifugus I1952.647.483.3062.2552.0321.27
C 8f62.550.025.00192.5430.254
Long-eared myotisRoB6180.669.01000
Myotis evotis I9645.840.6100052.01432.514
C7310041.170.020.093.02034.020
Long-legged myotisRoI26884.084.096.42.242.61564.019227.4192
Myotis volans C8297.697.690.00100.18039.767
Northern myotisRoB15610010019.968.640.015617.844
Myotis septentrionalis I33310010075.454.755.12845.811545.713618.9226
Pallid batRoI1384.684.663.60107.0828.58
Antrozous pallidus
Silver-haired batRoB1110010010042.51122.111
Lasionycteris I1531009865b44.042.35452.36519.8135
noctivagans C110010000225.0126.01
Yuma myotisRoC20909011.155.6115.21819.618
Myotis yumanensis
All batsRoB30799.599.229.480.024.11339.67037.423022.1141
I115084.882.983.516.953.822548.122555.339222.5796
C30192.582.049.410.8137.7214115.81831.7133
Northern flying squirrel
NB22410099.530.541.731.57933.4339.514119.4
Glaucomys sabrinus I18596.796.722.425.337.7445.61629.213613.9154
C99398.897.941.39.173.017335.81276.779236.9161
Red squirrelNI9810010057.163.739.09814.198
Tamiasciurus hudsonicus
American martenDB1310076.216.70>40460.97
Martes americana ReB8593.975.916.718.0>5010
DI21990.240.179.21.083.01279.0766.34023.012
ReI109980.146.368.60.491.631857.94215.9300
DC2996.689.344.0076.3298.022
ReC37987.669.130.9087.5262
FisherDB27100100010054.727
Martes pennanti ReB6539.133.180
DI8010097.146.993.255.961035
ReI74893.287.027.623.275.719481.815276.98833.650
DC3310081.844.411.189.0177.52621.426
ReC125199.091.222.013.4104.611689.710216.654
Black bearDB11612.330.000
Ursus americanus DI54569.049.222.664.2161.364117.54119.790
DC30295.852.211.40155.3192163.3343.429

aSite type: D: den, N: nest, Re: rest, and Ro: roost; bregion: B: boreal, I: inland (south of boreal), and C: coast; call wooden sites including logs and stumps; dhardwood species; econifer species; dmay include Yuma myotis; eliving or dead not consistently specified; fthis value is a minimum.