Antinociceptive Activity and Redox Profile of the Monoterpenes (+)-Camphene, p-Cymene, and Geranyl Acetate in Experimental Models
Table 1
Effect of (+)-camphene, -cymene, geranyl acetate, or aspirin on writhing induced by acetic acid and formalin-induced nociception tests.
Treatment
Dose (mg/kg)
Writhing test
Formalin test
Number of writhingsa
0–5 mina
15–30 mina
Vehicle
—
27.8 ± 3.1
85.7 ± 8.8
113.8 ± 28.6
(+)-Camphene
50
22.5 ± 5.3
76.1 ± 9.6
107.1 ± 11.2
(+)-Camphene
100
25.1 ± 4.7
81.7 ± 8.3
68.3 ± 14.7b
(+)-Camphene
200
15.7 ± 4.4c
72.4 ± 12.8
44.3 ± 11.9c
-Cymene
50
8.9 ± 5.9c
43.5 ± 7.1b,&,#
49.4 ± 9.5c
-Cymene
100
4.1 ± 0.9d,&,#
24.0 ± 8.9d,&,#
33.5 ± 10.0d
-Cymene
200
1.3 ± 0.5d,&,#
11.9 ± 5.1d,&,#
25.4 ± 7.4d,&,#
Geranyl acetate
50
23.9 ± 5.7
77.0 ± 11.4
98.7 ± 16.6
Geranyl acetate
100
13.0 ± 4.8c
65.9 ± 13.2
55.4 ± 9.1c
Geranyl acetate
200
15.7 ± 3.6c
79.9 ± 10.3
59.3 ± 11.2c
Aspirin
200
5.1 ± 3.2d
78.3 ± 17.8
27.5 ± 11.1d
n = 8, per group.
aValues represent mean ± SEM.
b, c or d (one-way ANOVA and Turkey’s post hoc test), significantly different from control group.
& or (one-way ANOVA and Turkey’s post hoc test), significantly different from (+)-camphene-treated group.
# or (one-way ANOVA and Turkey’s post hoc test), significantly different from geranyl acetate-treated group.