Optimization of GMAW Process Parameters Using Particle Swarm Optimization

Table 2

Welding parameters and their levels.

Parameters	Unit	Notation	Factor levels
			−2	−1	0	1	2
Welding current	A	I	200	225	250	275	300
Welding speed	mm/min	S	150	158	166	174	182
Contact tip to work distance	mm	N	10	14	18	22	26
Welding gun angle	Degree	T	70	80	90	100	110
Pinch	—	Ac	−10	−5	0	5	10