Review Article
New Insights into HIV/AIDS-Associated Cryptococcosis
Table 1
Clinical and mycological features of cryptococcal meningitis.
| | Signs and symptoms | HIV-positive patients,
* | HIV-positive patients, Africa,
† | HIV-negative patients,
# | Total,
| HIV-positive children,
∧ |
| | Headache | 839/1014 (82.7) | 2646/3324 (79.6) | 292/500 (58.4) | 3777/4838 (78.1) | 40/60 (66.7) | | Fever | 812/1080 (75.2) | 1914/3322 (57.6) | 352/500 (70.4) | 3078/4902 (62.8) | 31/60 (51.7) | | Cough | 267/994 (26.9) | 16/67 (23.9) | 78/324 (24.1) | 361/1385 (26.1) | NR | | Dyspnea | 119/872 (13.6) | NR | 56/292 (19.2) | 175/1164 (15.1) | 7/47 (14.9) | | Meningismus or neck stiffness | 342/889 (38.5) | 2240/3330 (67.3) | 181/453 (39.9) | 2763/4672 (59.1) | 14/56 (25) | | Visual changes | 171/593 (28.8) | NR | 2/16 (12.5) | 173/609 (28.4) | 1/40 (2.5) | | Altered mental status | 203/1080 (18.8) | 937/3347 (27.9) | 236/451 (52.3) | 1378/4878 (28.2) | 15/60 (25) | | Seizures | 28/456 (6.1) | 304/3323 (9.1) | 48/458 (10.5) | 380/4237 (8.9) | 9/60 (15) | | Skin lesions | 19/321 (5.9) | NR | 6/32 (18.7) | 25/343 (7.3) | 1/60 (1.6) | | AIDS-defining illness | 540/1101 (49) | 484/568 (85.2) | — | 1024/1669 (61.3) | 8/30 (27) |
| | Mycology |
| | Positive CSF culture | 1200/1274 (94.2) | 3030/3364 (90.1) | 381/464 (82.1) | 4611/5102 (90.4) | 97/110 (88.2) | | Positive CSF antigen | 489/530 (92.3) | 1693/1757 (96.3) | 432/447 (96.6) | 2614/2734 (95.6) | 38/62 (61.3) | | Positive India ink | 886/1132 (78.3) | 3075/3360 (91.5) | 269/456 (58.9) | 4230/4948 (85.5) | 44/50 (88) | | Positive serum antigen | 292/305 (95.7) | NR | 121/141 (85. 8) | 413/446 (92.6) | 10/34 (29.4) | | Positive blood cultures | 645/1369 (47.1) | 371/524 (70.8) | 106/395 (26.8) | 1122/3991 (28.1) | 22/43 (51.2) |
|
|
NR: not reported.
References [7, 20, 72–80].
†References [28, 55–57, 81–86].
#References [20, 79–81, 87–91].
∧References [100–103, 105].
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