Adverse Health Effects Associated with Increased Activity at Kīlauea Volcano: A Repeated Population-Based Survey

Table 3

Student’s t-test analysis of vital sign measurements of adult residents from Hawai’i Island, USA.

Field-measured vital sign	Unexposed group			Vog exposed group
	Mean	SD	n	Mean	SD	n	p (2)
Pulse per minute (regular rhythm)	76.81	12.45	106	76.29	14.30	99	0.78
Nonsmokers and nonmedicated	75.33	12.54	12	84.90	17.54	20	0.11
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)	130.51	18.05	109	135.69	19.74	108	0.045
Nonsmokers	130.41	18.18	92	137.31	19.03	87	0.01
Males	129.32	16.35	44	136.72	18.78	50	0.04
Females	131.32	19.20	65	134.79	20.65	58	0.34
Hawaiians	134.18	25.15	11	135.04	22.55	23	0.92
Filipinos	127.68	18.91	37	138.34	17.78	35	0.02
Whites	128.80	14.44	30	138.40	19.24	35	0.03
Elderly ≥65 years	133.49	17.06	47	144.60	15.51	40	0.002
Nonsmokers with normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9)	130.00	18.03	41	138.15	17.37	41	0.04
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)	81.58	10.65	109	86.28	11.11	108	0.002
Nonsmokers	80.72	10.61	92	85.82	10.80	87	0.002
Respirations per minute	17.96	1.41	109	17.71	1.55	107	0.21
Blood oxygen concentration (Oximetry; % SpO2)	96.11	1.39	109	95.55	1.70	109	0.008
Nonsmokers	96.10	1.22	92	95.45	1.72	87	0.004

Note. SD: standard deviation; BMI: body-mass index; and mm Hg: millimeters of mercury.