Nonneuronal Cholinergic System in Breast Tumors and Dendritic Cells: Does It Improve or Worsen the Response to Tumor?

Figure 1

Subtypes of cholinergic receptors, transduction, and effects. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR); nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR); acetylcholine (ACh); phospholipase C (PLC); inositol triphosphate (IP₃); diacylglycerol (DAG); protein kinase C (PKC); adenylyl cyclase (AC); cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP); inositol triphosphate kinase (IP₃ K); Janus kinase (JNK); mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK); extracellular kinase (ERK); nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB); inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS); tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α); interleukin (IL); high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1).