Hexagonal Manganites—(RMnO₃): Class (I) Multiferroics with Strong Coupling of Magnetism and Ferroelectricity

Figure 15

Dielectric constant 𝜀(𝑇,𝐻_𝑐) of HoMnO₃. Four different field ranges are shown in (a) to (d). Different curves are vertically offset for better clarity. Anomalies of 𝜀 indicating phase boundaries are highlighted by dotted lines and labeled with temperature symbols 𝑇₁,…,𝑇₅.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)