Hexagonal Manganites—(RMnO₃): Class (I) Multiferroics with Strong Coupling of Magnetism and Ferroelectricity

Figure 38

(a) Isothermal magnetization of YbMnO₃ as function of 𝑐-axis fields. The two vertical arrows indicate the two phase transitions. The inset shows the temperature dependence of the susceptibility measured at 100 Oe. The sharp increase at 𝑇_Yb=4 K is due to the ferrimagnetic order of the Yb³⁺ moments on 2a and 4b crystallographic sites. (b) Temperature dependence of the magnetization in fields up to 50 kOe. The low- and high-field transitions are well defined by sharp increases of 𝑀(𝑇).

(a)

(b)