Hexagonal Manganites—(RMnO₃): Class (I) Multiferroics with Strong Coupling of Magnetism and Ferroelectricity

Figure 8

(a) Inverse magnetization of HoMnO₃. The anomalies at 𝑇_Ho, shown in the inset, are clearly detected in the low-temperature range. (b) The derivative of 𝜒_𝑐⁻¹ shows the sharp transitions at 𝑇_SR=32.8 K and 𝑇_Ho=5.2 K, respectively.

(a)

(b)