PSO-Based PID Controller Design for a Class of Stable and Unstable Systems

Table 3

PID parameters for Example 2.

Sl. Number	Method	𝐾𝑝	𝐾𝑖	𝐾𝑑
1	ZN	2.808	1.712	1.151
2	GA	2.391	2.391	1.458
3	ACO	2.4911	0.8158	1.3540
4	MACO	2.808	1.021	1.668
5	PSO (0.75)	1.452	0.4259	0.5084