Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Virus Infections among Patients with Chronic Liver Diseases in Public Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Table 2

Distribution of associated factors among chronic liver disease patients with respect to serostatus of hepatitis B virus in three public hospitals in Addis Ababa.

Associated factors	Hepatitis B surface antigen; No. (%)			OR (95%, CI)	𝑃; value
	Positive	Negative	Total
Community associated
Tattooing of gums	8 (40.0)	12 (60.0)	20	1.24 (0.46–3.31)	0.67
Tattooing on body	5 (38.5)	8 (61.5)	13	1.14 (0.35–3.71)	0.53
Body piercing	8 (42.1)	11 (57.9)	19	1.37 (0.51–3.72)	0.53
Ear piercing	16 (31.4)	35 (68.6)	51	0.711 (0.33–1.53)	0.38
Uvulectomy	14 (27.5)	37 (72.5)	51	0.52 (0.24–1.14)	0.09
Shaving at barbershop***	22 (42.3)	30 (57.7)	52	1.78 (0.63–5.03)	0.27
Contact with jaundiced person	11 (44.0)	14 (56.0)	25	1.55 (0.63–3.79)	0.34
Circumcision	43 (36.4)	75 (63.6)	118	NA	0.41
Dental extraction at home	15 (36.6)	26 (63.4)	41	1.05 (0.48–2.30)	0.90
Hospital associated
Hospitalization	20 (28.6)	50 (71.4)	70	0.47 (0.22–1.00)	0.05
Blood transfusion	6 (22.2)	21 (77.8)	27	0.43 (0.16–1.17)	0.09
Dental extraction	18 (35.3)	33 (64.7)	51	0.96 (0.45–2.04)	0.92
Surgical procedure	4 (17.4)	19 (82.6)	23	0.31 (0.09–0.99)	0.04
Behavioral associated
Alcohol consumption	13 (37.1)	22 (62.9)	35	1.08 (0.48–2.45)	0.85
Delivery by TBA**	6 (31.6)	13 (68.4)	19	0.98 (0.27–3.53)	0.98
Abortion**	3 (25.0)	9 (75.0)	12	0.64 (0.14–2.84)	0.42

**Traditional birth attendants (for females only); ***for males only; NA: not applicable.